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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 31 pptx

ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 31 pptx

ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 31 pptx

... metals and other contaminants in field-collectedand laboratory-spiked soils, studies that validate laboratory responses are necessary. Furthermore,because soil pH and organic matter may affect ... Bernhard-Reversat, F., and Lavelle, P., Influence of heavymetals on C and N mineralisation and microbial biomass in Zn-, Pb-, Cu-, and Cd-contaminated soils,Appl. Soil Ecol., 25, 99–109, 2004.Dangles, ... 1992.Johnson, D. and Hale, B., White birch (Betula papyrifera Marshall) foliar litter decomposition in relation totrace metal atmospheric inputs at metal-contaminated and uncontaminated sites near Sudbury,...
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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 1 pptx

ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 1 pptx

... United States of America on acid-free paper10987654321International Standard Book Number-13:97 8-0 -8 49 3-3 35 7-6 (Hardcover)This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded ... understand its parts and also how that level functions as part of a larger whole. This can only be done by simultaneous and thoughtful application of microexplana-tion, holism, and macroexplanation. ... soughtat a lower level via reductionism after observation of a consistent association at a level. The initialobservation of a consistent association was probably made in what many would describe as...
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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 2 pptx

ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 2 pptx

... in adults in that particular part ofthe estuary.particular habitat can sustain. As an example, phosphorus might limit the standing crop of a nuisanceblue-green algalspecies ina freshwaterlake ... might take anautecological vantage to managing that particular species. Another example of an autecological topicmight be how the physiological tolerances of an estuarine crab relative to salinity ... the accumulation of a contaminant in (and occasionally also on) an individualorganism. Models and associated concepts applied to toxicant bioaccumulation in individuals estab-lish the foundation...
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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 13 pptx

ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 13 pptx

... hazard of a reference group ortype is used as a baseline hazard and the hazard of another group is scaled (made proportional)to that baseline hazard. For example, the hazard of contracting a ... on ln time-to-fatal cancer might beestimated with an accelerated failure model. The median time-to-fatal cancer appearance might be230 days earlier than that of the reference population. Both ... ln time-to-death resulting fromsome change in covariates. As is true with proportional hazard models, covariates can be class vari-ables such as site or continuous variables such as animal weight....
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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 18 pptx

ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 18 pptx

... genetic variation (including additive-, epistatic- anddominance-associated variance), environmental variation and, perhaps, the interactionbetween genetic and environmental factors.• Narrow sense ... populationthat has adapted successfully to an environmental toxicant will not necessarily be optimally adaptedfor a clean habitat. (2) Natural selection leading to successful adaptation relative ... example, plants tolerant to a particulars-triazine herbicide produce a herbicide-binding protein that can impart an elevated level of toleranceif these adapted plants are later exposed to a...
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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 23 pptx

ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 23 pptx

... comparison of beak sizes among allopatric and sympatric pop-ulations of Galapagos finches. Assuming that beak size is an appropriate surrogate for resource use,the greater separation of beak ... statisticalnull hypothesistesting paradigmhas becomeso catholicand ritualizedas toseeminglyimpede clear thinking and alternative analysis approaches.(Anderson et al. 2001)Statistical approaches ... tocontaminants. For example, a mesocosm experiment could show that abundance of a grazing inver-tebrate increased after treatment with a particular chemical. Experiments conducted at a smallerspatial...
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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 3 ppt

ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 3 ppt

... Phase I reactions (Slater 1984). As a final example,enhanced oxidative damage at high metal concentrations occurs due to hydroxyl radical formation.In such a case, more metal ion is available ... FunctionorpurposeAssociated processMetabolism(anabolismand catabolism)Translation TranscriptionExcretion,respiration,detoxification,and sequestrationMaintainsoma, controlagingMaintain andincrease ... translation activities can provide evidence of response to a toxicant. As anexample, El-Alfy and Schlenk (1998) discovered that up-regulation of a monooxygenase in Japanesemedaka (Oryzias latipes)...
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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 4 pdf

ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 4 pdf

... soma, they are also relatively unavailable for trophictransfer to grazers, predators, or parasites (Nott and Nicolaiduo 1993, Wallace and Luoma 2003,Wallace et al. 2003). Let us examine details ... accumulation of metals in Littorina littorea hepato-pancreas and kidney as arising from metal ligand-binding tendencies with pyrophosphate granulesin cells of the hepatopancreas and with S-rich ... estu-ary, which have high levels of cancer deaths (18% of all deaths) (Martineau et al. 2002). Thesewhales are exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and display annual cancer rates(163...
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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 5 docx

ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 5 docx

... cerebellum(Acquaah-Mensah et al. 2001). Acrylamide, a chemical contaminant that has been found in somefoods, can cause axon damage, producing loss of coordination (ataxia) and skeletal muscle weakness(LoPachin ... or urea. Crustaceans excrete primarily ammonia via antennal glands and insectshave Malpighian tubules that excrete uric acid. Both crustaceans and insects also have nephrocytesin other parts ... 2004), nickel (Pane et al. 2004), zinc (Matthiessen and Brafield 1973), endosulfan(Saravana Bhavan and Geraldine 2000), the anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac (Trienskorn et al.2004), and alkyl benzene...
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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 7 ppt

ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 7 ppt

... suchas lead can be excreted via the mammalian liver by an active transport mechanism (Rozman andKlaassen 1996). Abou-Donia et al. (2002) also make the generalization that a molecular weightgreater ... gill ATPases. The basolateral membrane of gill cells, which have high Na+/K+-ATPase activity(Evans et al. 1999), is the site ofATPase-mediated transport of many metals such as silver in rainbowtrout ... phosphate and arsenate, Mar. Chem., 14, 259–265,1984.Newman, M.C. and Jagoe, C.H., Ligands and the bioavailability of metals in aquatic environments, In Bioavail-ability. Physical,Chemical and...
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