the grammar of the english tense system a comprehensive analysis

Grammar of the english verb phrase, the grammar of the english tense system, vol I

... clauses they introduceand for the temporal relationship between the adverbial clause situation and the head clause situation. The Grammar of the English Verb PhraseVolume 1: The Grammar of the ... notto iterative grammatical aspect Ϫ see 1.24 Ϫ nor to the fact that clauses mayget an iterative reading as a result of grammatical combinations, such as the combination of punctual Aktionsart with ... in the treatment of ‘modal’ auxiliaries. As far as we cansee, the meaning they express is not modal but aspectual.Can and could are two other auxiliaries which can express something like a habitual...

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The grammar of the english verb phrase part 1 pdf

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... Depraetere, Raphael Salkie, Elizabeth Traugott, Naoaki Wada,and Christopher Williams. The Grammar of the English Verb PhraseVolume 1: The Grammar of the English Tense System A Comprehensive Analysis byRenaat ... on acid-free paper which falls within the guidelines of the ANSI to ensure permanence and durability.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataDeclerck, Renaat. The grammar of the English ... English tense system : a comprehensive analysis / by Renaat Declerck in cooperation with Susan Reedand Bert Cappelle.p. cm. − (The grammar of the English verb phrase ; v. 1)(Topics in English...

The grammar of the english verb phrase part 2 doc

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... a sum-mary of this first chapter.I. General introductory remarks 5account for tense in English, rather than a comparative study of other analysesor a comparison of our analysis with the analyses ... formsin English and that interact with tense: the sys-tem of grammatical aspect and the system of mood and modality.In part IV (ϭ sections 1.28Ϫ1.32) we take a closer look at the term ‘situation’. ... the analyses of other authors. Because of this, unless a particular analysis or argument is specifically attributable to oneauthor, there are few references to competing analyses, or to the huge...

The grammar of the english verb phrase part 3 docx

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... whether a clause refers to the performance of an action, the happening of an event, the development of a process or the existence of a state, we can say that the clause in question refers to the actualization ... lexical aspect (for example the contrast between a ‘state verb’ and a ‘dynamic verb’) and introduce the category of ‘actualizationaspect’ (which contrasts with both grammatical aspect and lexical ... Chapters 13 and 14look at the semantics of the temporal adverbs when, before and after and the consequences of these semantics both for the adverbial clauses they introduceand for the temporal...

The grammar of the english verb phrase part 4 docx

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... clause’). The head clause is the clause on which a given subclause is syntactically and semantically dependent. A head clause may be a clause that does not syntactically depend on any otherclause, ... representing the syntactic structure of a sentence. Thus, inI know that he was at home when the accident happened. the clause that he was at home is at the same time the head clause of when the accident ... becoming auxiliaries in that theyhave a contracted form (I wanna go to Italy), which is characteristic of auxiliaries, not of full verbs. The full verbs be and have also allow contraction, as in...

The grammar of the english verb phrase part 5 pdf

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... noted that tenses that are basically usedas absolute tenses can sometimes fulfil the function of relative tenses. In theirdefault use these tense forms are absolute tense forms: they relate the ... unravelled,unravelling.) The stem of the verb can also be used as a present infinitive(which is the citation form of the verb used as an entry in dictionaries).1.16 The formation of the past tense The regular past ... there is no a priori reason for assuming that tense can only be expressed morphologically, and not also by the use of auxiliaries Ϫsee 2.7. The tense forms other than the present tense and the...

The grammar of the english verb phrase part 6 potx

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... expressions of habitual aspect (which is a pairing of form and meaning)11. (Non)habitual aspect is a form of grammatical aspect because it is expressed by means of the form of the verb (viz . the use of ... that used to and will / would (as markers of habituality) aretraditionally included in the treatment of ‘modal’ auxiliaries. As far as we cansee, the meaning they express is not modal but aspectual.Can ... actualization aspect is not a question of how a verb phrase describes a kind of situation. Rather, it is a question of how a clause represents the actualization of a situation. (Both ontological aspect and...

The grammar of the english verb phrase part 7 pps

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... which the habit as a whole is located. Thus, both We take a walk afterbreakfast and We’re taking a walk after breakfast these days can be uttered (toexpress a habit) at any moment of the day: ... veranda while this hot weather lasts. The use of a progressive form here leads to a habituality reading of a particularkind: the situation is conceived of as repetitive and as forming a temporaryhabit. ... phrases. A noun like boy has a lexical meaning. The paraphrase ‘young male humanbeing’ is an attempt at describing this. The noun can be used as the head of a noun phrase (e. g. the noun boy is the...

The grammar of the english verb phrase part 8 doc

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... situations, still less refer to actualizations of situations.IV. The precise meanings and uses of ‘situation’ and ‘actualization’ 43 The past tense locates the time of actualization of the situation ... to any particular instance of actual-ization, whereas John walked to the church, having a location in time and a subject, denotes a complete situation and can be used to refer to an actualizingsituation. ... ab-stract situation types, whereas clauses denote situations and, when they arefinite and used in an utterance, refer to particular actualizations of situations.That is, walk and walk to the...

The grammar of the english verb phrase part 9 pot

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... notto iterative grammatical aspect Ϫ see 1.24 Ϫ nor to the fact that clauses mayget an iterative reading as a result of grammatical combinations, such as the combination of punctual Aktionsart with ... we saw in 1.23,used to is a grammatical marker of past habituality.) The use of ‘habit’ to refer to an instantiated characteristic without dynamicsubsituations (as in William is afraid of the ... consisting of a number of stages (‘slices’) which are subsitu-ations of the same kind as the situation as a whole. In this case it is possiblethat a concrete actualization of the situation type...

The grammar of the english verb phrase part 10 pptx

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... of) a situation as well as to any (relevant) part of that situation. And in Every evening, I would have a glass of port while Sylviadrank a glass of beer, the second clause has a habitual, and ... indication to the contrary, the hearer will assumethat there probably was a preparatory phase of some length, but this is a question of pragmatic interpretation. The sentence itself asserts the transition ... conceptualizingan abstract kind of situation as tending towards a natural point of completionand representing an actualizing situation as reaching a terminal point (whetherthis is a natural point of completion...

The grammar of the english verb phrase part 11 doc

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... refersto actualization), the indication of the full length of a situation can also be the result of measuring the situation when the endpoint of the actualization isreached, as in He had walked ... calls a ‘conventional’ (ϭ noncancellable)pragmatic implicature of the infinitival VP write a book.From a pragmatic point of view, there are only two kinds of verb phrasethat can measure a ... he had a heart attack.John was walking for two hours when he had a heart attack.In these examples a mile and for two hours indicate the natural terminal point of a pre-determined telic situation...

The grammar of the english verb phrase part 12 pdf

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... representedas bounded by a clause. A bounded clause is a clause which represents the actualization of a situation as bounded. If the clause constitutes a sentence, wecan also speak of a bounded ... ‘homogeneousactualization’ A clause that does not represent the actualization of a situation as bounded(and which is thus nonbounded) invariably represents (the actualization of) itssituation as both durative and ... bounded and nonbounded clausesis the addition of a particular type of duration adverbial. A noninclusiveduration adverbial(answering the question For how long?) can be added(barring a repetitive...

The grammar of the english verb phrase part 13 ppt

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... mood and modality, and grammatical aspect. We saw that tenses(as individual realizations of the abstract category tense) express the temporalrelation between the time of a situation and an orientation ... makes a statementabout a portion of the middle part of the actualizing situation and not about the actualization as a whole, it leaves vague whether or not the natural point of completion was ... the actualization of a situation, either beforehand or at (or after) the terminal point of the actualization, may or may not have an L-bounding effect:I am going to run the marathon for another...

The grammar of the english verb phrase part 14 pps

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... the situation-template. However, apart from the fact that the nature of the subject NP may affect the interpretation of the actualization of a situation as homogeneous or not, it is often not ... languages. In English, al-though many sorts of aspectual meaning can be expressed by, for example,aspectual verbs (as in It began to rain), only two sorts of aspectual meaningare grammaticalized. ... the situation referred to ashomogeneous. (In addition, a habitual interpretation may also alter the homo-geneity value of a situation, since a habit is a kind of state, and habitualitymay be...