056 cell biology and histology (6th ed)2011
Cell biology and plamid
... pressure on the cell without causing the cell to burst 31 Plants have cell walls made of cellulose During cell division plant cells build dividing walls between the two new cells called the cell plate ... known about cells has increased greatly Cell Theory • Cells are the fundamental unit of life - nothing less than a cell is alive • All organisms are constructed of and by cells • All cells arise ... processes are carried out by cells • Groups of cells can be organized and function as multicellular organisms • Cells of multicellular organisms can become specialized in form and function to carry...
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Cell Biology and Cancer under a contract from the National Institutes of Health doc
... develop understanding of Correlation to Cell Biology and Cancer • personal and community health Activities 1, 4, and • natural and human-induced hazards Activities 1, 4, and 23 Ä Cell Biology and Cancer ... life; as a class, they assemble data about the population as a whole Students examine the data the class assembles and draw a set of important generalizations about cancer from them These generalizations ... collecting and disseminating information about cancer The NCI was established under the National Cancer Act of 1937 The National Cancer Act of 1971 broad ened the scope and responsibilities of the...
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REDISCOVERING BIOLOGY - Molecular to Global Perspectives: Cell Biology and Cancer pot
... enough cells to fill the gap This characteristic is lost in cancer cells, which continue to grow after they touch other cells, causing a large mass of cells to form • Normal cells age and die, and ... tumors in cancer patients A drug called Gleevec® inhibits cancer cell growth and causes cancer cells to undergo apoptosis, or programmed cell death It binds to abnormal proteins in cancer cells, ... estrogen-stimulated cancers selective androgen receptor modulators (SARM) blocks the binding site for testosterone; can slow the growth of testosterone-stimulated cancers spindle inhibitors stops cell...
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Chapter 080. Cancer Cell Biology and Angiogenesis (Part 1) pps
... synthesis and mitosis and in response to environmental mutagens; these repair pathways are often abnormal in cancer cells When a normal cell has sustained too much damage to repair, the cell activates ... prevent damage to the organ These cell death pathways are also commonly altered in cancer cells, leading to the survival of damaged cells that would normally die Cancer cells often exist under conditions ... Downregulation of MHC class I and II molecules; induction of T cell tolerance; inhibition of normal dendritic cell and/ or T cell function; antigenic loss variants and clonal heterogeneity Note:...
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Chapter 080. Cancer Cell Biology and Angiogenesis (Part 2) ppsx
... the targeted therapy of cancer Therapeutic Approaches to Cell Cycle Abnormalities in Cancer The mechanism of cell division is substantially the same in all dividing cells and has been conserved ... whether a cell will enter S-phase The complex of CDK4 or CDK6 with D type cyclins forms a G1-specific kinase whose activity is regulated by growth factors, nutrients, and cell- cell and cell- matrix ... replicated and no re-replication is permitted; and G2 (gap 2), during which the fidelity of DNA replication is assessed and errors are corrected Deregulation of the molecular mechanisms controlling cell...
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Chapter 080. Cancer Cell Biology and Angiogenesis (Part 3) ppt
... upregulated by Myc and E2F, and ARF binds to mdm2 and rescues p53 from its inhibitory effect This oncogene checkpoint leads to the death or senescence (an irreversible arrest in G1 of the cell cycle) ... high intracellular levels of p53 protein Inactivation of the p53 pathway compromises cell cycle arrest, attenuates apoptosis induced by DNA damage or other stimuli, and predisposes cells to chromosome ... probability that p53 null cells will acquire additional mutations and become malignant In summary, it is likely that all human cancers have genetic alterations that inactivate the Rb and p53 tumor-suppressor...
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Chapter 080. Cancer Cell Biology and Angiogenesis (Part 4) ppsx
... PDK1 and Akt PDK1 has numerous cellular targets including Akt and mTOR Akt phosphorylates target proteins that promote resistance to apoptosis and enhance cell cycle progression, while mTOR and ... prostate, lung, breast, and colon cancer cells in vitro Clinical trials of telomerase vaccines are underway Signal Transduction Pathways as Therapeutic Targets in Cancer Cells Since the discovery ... survival, migration, and angiogenesis, they have been identified as important targets for cancer therapeutics Figure 80-2 Therapeutic targeting of signal transduction pathways in cancer cells Three major...
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Chapter 080. Cancer Cell Biology and Angiogenesis (Part 5) pps
... Breast Binds HER2 on cancer tumor cell surface and induces receptor internalization Cetuximab EGFR (Erbitux) Colon Binds cancer, squamous extracellular domain of cell EGFR and blocks carcinoma ... in in colon cancer, and others Non- Competitive small cell lung inhibitor of the ATP cancer; binding site of the pancreatic EGFR cancer Gefitinb EGFR (Iressa) Non- Inhibitor of small cell lung ... of the binding of EGF and head and neck induces TGF-α; receptor internalization Potentiates the efficacy chemotherapy and radiotherapy Panitumomab (Vectibix) EGFR Colon cancer Like cetuximab;...
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Chapter 080. Cancer Cell Biology and Angiogenesis (Part 6) potx
... human cancer, and provide a mechanism to identify subsets of patients likely to respond to the targeted therapy The wild-type EGFR is expressed by many other human cancers, and in colon cancer and ... surface of tumor cells and induces internalization of the receptor, thereby reducing the level of surface expression This leads to inhibition of cell cycle progression and renders cancer cells more ... breast cancer patients The PDGFR and its ligand, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), are overexpressed in many glioblastomas and in subsets of melanoma, ovarian, pancreatic, gastric, lung, and...
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Chapter 080. Cancer Cell Biology and Angiogenesis (Part 7) docx
... transition and passage through the cell cycle Inhibition of one pathway (such as pathway A by a targeted inhibitor) has no significant effect due to redundancy provided by pathways B and C In cancer cells, ... of the cancer cell, without harming normal cells (which maintain wild-type function for gene A) Highthroughput screens can now be performed using isogenic cell line pairs in which one cell line ... Oncogene addiction and synthetic lethality: keys to discovery of new anti -cancer drugs Panel A Normal cells receive environmental signals that activate signaling pathways (pathways A, B, and C) that...
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Chapter 080. Cancer Cell Biology and Angiogenesis (Part 8) pdf
... regulation of gene expression in cancer cells Tumorsuppressor genes are often epigenetically silenced in cancer cells In the upper portion, a CpG island within the promoter and enhancer regions of the ... subcellular locations, and substrates in different cell types PKC is the target of tumor-promoting phorbol esters, and its activation can modulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and tumorigenesis ... synthetase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and FOXO transcription factors, thus preventing inactivation of Myc, β-catenin, cyclin D1, and cyclin E, and blocking upregulation of p27 Kip1 and Bim (an apoptosis-inducing...
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Chapter 080. Cancer Cell Biology and Angiogenesis (Part 9) ppt
... cell lymphoma (e.g., vorinostat) and some solid tumors HDAC inhibitors may target cancer cells via a number of mechanisms including upregulation of death receptors (DR4/5, FAS, and their ligands) ... rendering pRB nonfunctional In sporadic forms of renal, breast, and colon cancer, the von Hippel–Lindau (VHL), breast cancer (BRCA1), and serine/threonine kinase 11 (STK11) genes, respectively, are ... response elements and recruits HDAC to these promoters, effectively inhibiting gene expression This arrests differentiation at the promyelocyte stage and promotes tumor cell proliferation and survival...
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Chapter 080. Cancer Cell Biology and Angiogenesis (Part 10) docx
... intra- and extracellular signals impinge upon the core cell cycle machinery to regulate cell division, so too these signals are transmitted to a core enzymatic machinery that regulates cell death and ... aberrant survival pathways in cancer cells The extrinsic pathway of apoptosis can be selectively induced in cancer cells by TRAIL (the ligand for death receptors and 5) or by agonistic monoclonal ... (Fasassociated death domain) and procaspase-8 to death domain motifs of the receptors Caspase-8 is activated and then cleaves and activates effector caspases3 and -7, which then target cellular constituents...
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Chapter 080. Cancer Cell Biology and Angiogenesis (Part 11) pps
... apoptosis pathways and promote cancer cell survival and resistance to anticancer therapies However, because of their deranged physiology, cancer cells may be more vulnerable than normal cells to therapeutic ... such as APAF-1 and caspase-8 Each of these pathways is a target for therapeutic agents that, in addition to affecting cancer cell proliferation or gene expression, may render cancer cells more susceptible ... caspase-8 for FADD) by normal cells but not tumor cells Synergy has been shown between TRAIL-induced apoptosis and chemotherapeutic agents For instance, some colon cancers encode mutated Bax protein...
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