ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 32 potx
ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 32 potx
... experimental facilities in North America:The Hubbard Brook Ecosystem study area in New Hampshire and the Experimental Lakes Area inOntario, Canada.As a consequence of these early experiments, a large ... with a well-designedprogram of observational and small-scale experimental approaches to identify critical questionsthat can only be addressed using large-scale experiments. This strategy will allow ... detrimental and export of excess N may damage adjacent watersheds.N saturationof anecosystem occurs when N outputapproximates orexceeds input (Argen andBosatta1988). Although N saturation is an extreme...
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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 8 potx
... this approach include Cahill et al. (2003), Czuband McLachlan (2004), Gobas and Mackay (1987), Hickie et al. (1999), Mackay (1979, 2001),Mackay and Wania (1995), and Wania and Mackay (1995). As ... transfer to humanmilk. At a subcontinental scale, Mackay and Wania modeled the movement of organochlorinecontaminants in the Arctic. General (Wania and Mackay 1995) and chemical-specific (Waniaet ... of Bioaccumulation and Bioavailability 123the reference compartment and clearances are calculated relative to that compartment. Clearancescan be expressed as volume/time or as mass-normalized...
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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 17 potx
... AnimalSystematics and Population Studies, Academic Press, Sydney, Australia, 1986.Robison, S.H., Cantoni, O., and Costa, M.,Analysis of metal-induced DNAlesions and DNA-repair replicationin mammalian ... (NCRP1993).17.2.3 MUTATION RATES AND ACCUMULATIONThe natural rate at which mutations appear varies among genes and species. Rates for bacteriophage,bacteria, and vertebrate species range from 4 ×10−10to ... provided in Table 17.2:aspartate aminotransferase(Aat), adenosine deaminase (Ada), esterase (Est), glycylleucine pep-tidase (gl), hexokinase (Hk), isocitrate dehydrogenase (Icd-I and Icd-2), leucylglycylglycinepeptidase...
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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 19 potx
... information into basic parameters. Models allowed a clearer understandingof contaminant influence on the temporal dynamics of populations than afforded by conven-tional, individual-based methods alone. ... habitats can contain a number of individuals only if a source habitat is nearby and indi-viduals move among habitats. Keystone habitats and corridors for migration among segments of thepopulation ... potential propagule rain and rescue effects. The metapopulation context also providesexplanation for toxicant effects to individuals outside of the contaminated area.19.2.4 THE DEMOGRAPHIC APPROACHApplying...
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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 29 potx
... that radio-active materials moved between biotic and abiotic compartments and accumulated in food chainswas a significant discovery that linked basic and applied ecological research. A readily ... striking aspect ofthis original work was Lindeman’s attempts to quantify seasonal dynamics of vegetation and animalproduction in a small lake (Cedar Bog Lake, Minnesota) and to characterize an ecosystem ... United States, includ-ing Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, were associated withnuclear testing facilities and involved the emerging area of radiation ecology....
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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 1 pptx
... United States of America on acid-free paper1098765 4321 International Standard Book Number-13:97 8-0 -8 49 3-3 35 7-6 (Hardcover)This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded ... understand its parts and also how that level functions as part of a larger whole. This can only be done by simultaneous and thoughtful application of microexplana-tion, holism, and macroexplanation. ... soughtat a lower level via reductionism after observation of a consistent association at a level. The initialobservation of a consistent association was probably made in what many would describe as...
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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 2 pptx
... in adults in that particular part ofthe estuary.particular habitat can sustain. As an example, phosphorus might limit the standing crop of a nuisanceblue-green algalspecies ina freshwaterlake ... might take anautecological vantage to managing that particular species. Another example of an autecological topicmight be how the physiological tolerances of an estuarine crab relative to salinity ... the accumulation of a contaminant in (and occasionally also on) an individualorganism. Models and associated concepts applied to toxicant bioaccumulation in individuals estab-lish the foundation...
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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 3 ppt
... Phase I reactions (Slater 1984). As a final example,enhanced oxidative damage at high metal concentrations occurs due to hydroxyl radical formation.In such a case, more metal ion is available ... FunctionorpurposeAssociated processMetabolism(anabolismand catabolism)Translation TranscriptionExcretion,respiration,detoxification,and sequestrationMaintainsoma, controlagingMaintain andincrease ... translation activities can provide evidence of response to a toxicant. As anexample, El-Alfy and Schlenk (1998) discovered that up-regulation of a monooxygenase in Japanesemedaka (Oryzias latipes)...
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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 4 pdf
... soma, they are also relatively unavailable for trophictransfer to grazers, predators, or parasites (Nott and Nicolaiduo 1993, Wallace and Luoma 2003,Wallace et al. 2003). Let us examine details ... accumulation of metals in Littorina littorea hepato-pancreas and kidney as arising from metal ligand-binding tendencies with pyrophosphate granulesin cells of the hepatopancreas and with S-rich ... estu-ary, which have high levels of cancer deaths (18% of all deaths) (Martineau et al. 2002). Thesewhales are exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and display annual cancer rates(163...
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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 5 docx
... cerebellum(Acquaah-Mensah et al. 2001). Acrylamide, a chemical contaminant that has been found in somefoods, can cause axon damage, producing loss of coordination (ataxia) and skeletal muscle weakness(LoPachin ... or urea. Crustaceans excrete primarily ammonia via antennal glands and insectshave Malpighian tubules that excrete uric acid. Both crustaceans and insects also have nephrocytesin other parts ... 2004), nickel (Pane et al. 2004), zinc (Matthiessen and Brafield 1973), endosulfan(Saravana Bhavan and Geraldine 2000), the anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac (Trienskorn et al.2004), and alkyl benzene...
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