ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 20 ppt
ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 20 ppt
... Ecotoxicology: A Comprehensive Treatment Nakano, S., Miyasaka, H., and Kuhara, N., Terrestrial-aquatic linkages: Riparian arthropod inputs alter trophiccascades in a stream food web, Ecology, 80, 2435–2441, ... likelyinfluence contaminant bioavailability, uptake, and depuration in complex and often unpredictableways. The photoactivation of certain contaminants after exposure to UV-B radiation, most notablythe ... interactions among global warming, UV-B radiation, and acidificationare also possible. For example, acidic deposition and climate-induced changes in hydrologic charac-teristics of watersheds will...
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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 1 pptx
... United States of America on acid-free paper10987654321International Standard Book Number-13:97 8-0 -8 49 3-3 35 7-6 (Hardcover)This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded ... understand its parts and also how that level functions as part of a larger whole. This can only be done by simultaneous and thoughtful application of microexplana-tion, holism, and macroexplanation. ... For orga-nizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged.Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or...
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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 2 pptx
... in adults in that particular part ofthe estuary.particular habitat can sustain. As an example, phosphorus might limit the standing crop of a nuisanceblue-green algalspecies ina freshwaterlake ... well-establishedautecological approach and, in this case, produced a reasonable conclusion. They also adopted,with minimal adaptation, a technological paradigm from mammaliam toxicology—the LC50/LD503Staying ... POTENTIAL FOR TROPHIC TRANSFER FROMBIOACCUMULATIONBioaccumulation is the accumulation of a contaminant in (and occasionally also on) an individualorganism. Models and associated concepts applied...
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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 3 ppt
... chemotherapy agents. The P-gp acts as a bar-rier to xenobiotic absorption and accelerates their removal if they gained entry into the cell(Abou-Donia et al. 200 2). The mammalian P-gp is expressed at ... two ways. Antioxidant molecules are produced that react withoxyradicals and enzymes are synthesized that consume oxyradicals or oxyradical-generating chem-icals.Antioxidantsinclude catecholamines, ... Phase I reactions (Slater 1984). As a final example,enhanced oxidative damage at high metal concentrations occurs due to hydroxyl radical formation.In such a case, more metal ion is available...
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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 7 ppt
... suchas lead can be excreted via the mammalian liver by an active transport mechanism (Rozman andKlaassen 1996). Abou-Donia et al. (200 2) also make the generalization that a molecular weightgreater ... gill ATPases. The basolateral membrane of gill cells, which have high Na+/K+-ATPase activity(Evans et al. 1999), is the site ofATPase-mediated transport of many metals such as silver in rainbowtrout ... phosphate and arsenate, Mar. Chem., 14, 259–265,1984.Newman, M.C. and Jagoe, C.H., Ligands and the bioavailability of metals in aquatic environments, In Bioavail-ability. Physical,Chemical and...
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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 13 pptx
... hazard of a reference group ortype is used as a baseline hazard and the hazard of another group is scaled (made proportional)to that baseline hazard. For example, the hazard of contracting a ... on ln time-to-fatal cancer might beestimated with an accelerated failure model. The median time-to-fatal cancer appearance might be230 days earlier than that of the reference population. Both ... ln time-to-death resulting fromsome change in covariates. As is true with proportional hazard models, covariates can be class vari-ables such as site or continuous variables such as animal weight....
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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 18 pptx
... genetic variation (including additive-, epistatic- anddominance-associated variance), environmental variation and, perhaps, the interactionbetween genetic and environmental factors.• Narrow sense ... toxicant can result in cross-resistance or co-tolerance. This co-tolerancecan result in very rapid accommodation to a novel toxicant. For example, plants tolerant to a particulars-triazine ... Preadaptation to a toxicant can result in elevated tolerance in a population if adaptationtook place in the past for a related toxicant, e.g., a plant population adapted to oneherbicide is later...
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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 21 ppt
... Reduced capture success Wallace et al. (200 0)Cape galaxias Baetis mayflies Fenvalerate Increased predation Pesticide-induced drift behavior Schulz and Dabrowski (200 1)© 200 8 by Taylor & Francis ... withand without a particular species, are practical alternatives to actual manipulation and will play animportant role in identifying keystone species. Well-designed studies that take advantage ... superior kangaroorats suppressed abundance and altered foraging behavior and habitat use of the smaller spe-cies. More importantly, kangaroo rats were shown to have larger than expected impacts...
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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 23 pptx
... statisticalnull hypothesistesting paradigmhas becomeso catholicand ritualizedas toseeminglyimpede clear thinking and alternative analysis approaches.(Anderson et al. 200 1)Statistical approaches ... comparison of beak sizes among allopatric and sympatric pop-ulations of Galapagos finches. Assuming that beak size is an appropriate surrogate for resource use,the greater separation of beak ... tocontaminants. For example, a mesocosm experiment could show that abundance of a grazing inver-tebrate increased after treatment with a particular chemical. Experiments conducted at a smallerspatial...
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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 26 ppt
... natural and enhanced UV-B treatments forciliates, flagellates, bacteria, and diatoms in mesocosms. The decrease in biomass of predatory ciliates resultedin an increase in biomass of flagellates ... variety of plants and animals have shown effects of UV-B at alllevels of biological organization.• Because phytoplankton are a major component of marine food webs in Antarctica andother areas where ... base cations and natural buffering capacity are lost from a watershed.Although researchers have generally considered effects of climate change, UV-B radiation, andacidic deposition in isolation,...
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