... Furthermore, minimalbinding domain of BRI1 was determined using binding assays and recombinantBRI1 fragments (Kinoshita et al. 2005). In other plant species, it was also shownthat mutations in BRI1 ... et al. 2002) were determined as positive regulators in ABA signaling.Gene encoding ABA-induced protein kinase 1 (PKABA1), which is a serine–threonine type protein kinase, was isolated from ... receiverdomain and a long C-terminal part containing a single-repeat MYB-type DNA-binding domain (Sakai et al. 1998) called a GARP domain (Riechmann et al. 2000)and the proline- and glutamine-rich...
... homologs.The amino-acid sequence analysis of rice TOP6 pro-teins also predicted several potential putative phos-phorylation sites for casein kinase II, protein kinase C,tyrosine kinase, histidine kinase, ... of OsTOP6A2, OsTOP6A3, and OsTOP6Bincreased in response to auxin and cytokinin, indica-ting their role in cell proliferation and hormone signa-ling. The interaction of OsTOP6A3 with OsTOP6Balong ... ERD10, KIN1, andKIN2, analyzed in this study, under stress conditions.The differentially expressed genes in transgenic plants that encode proteins that probably function in stress tolerance include...
... and in ux systems are very impor-tant for cellular ion relationships in natural conditions.Increasing in ux, decreasing efflux or both can maxi-mize K+uptake to maintain K+homeostasis in plants [32,33]. ... Histochem-ical staining indicated that AtHELPS is mainly expressed in the youngseedlings and vascular tissues of leaves and roots. Using both helps mutantsand overexpression lines, we observed that, in the ... progress in determining the molecular mecha-nism of the regulation of K+uptake inplants hasbeen made [10,11,40]. AKT1 was first reported to beexpressed in roots and involved directly in themineral...
... converted toviolaxanthin. In plants, carotenoids are mainlyinvolved in photosynthesis as accessory pigments, in photoprotection (quenching and xanthophylls cycle)and in the formation of abscisic ... pollinators and seed dispersers. In tomato, for example, the flower has a bright yellow–orangecorolla resulting from the combined effect of chromo-phores of neoxanthin, violaxanthin and lutein ... tran-script level increases dramatically reaching its maxi-mum at the Pink stage and decreasing slowing withthe progression of fruit ripening. Its content in thefruit at Pink stage is almost...
... RaddingCM (1998) Interaction of human rad51 recombinationprotein with single-stranded DNA binding protein,RPA. Nucleic Acids Res 26, 5388–5393.17 Stauffer ME & Chazin WJ (2004) Physical interactionbetween ... soluble in the presence of 6 murea. Soluble fractions were loaded on to columns contain-ing 10 mL His-Bind resin (Novagen). The columns werewashed with 50 mL binding buffer containing 6 m ... vivo. It may func-tion in the sensing of DNA damage [22]. In contrast with the intensive study of RPA in ani-mals and yeast, little is known about this protein in plants. In 1997, an ortholog...
... processes in food processing procedures (drying, smoking, curing etc.). Toldrá and Flores (1998) suggested that lipolysis is one of the main processes of lipid degradation in fresh meat during processing; ... FFA displayed a threefold increase during drying, suggesting that lipolysis occurs before or during drying, whereas polar lipids and TAG decreased in the dried reindeer meat and were significantly ... critical suggestions in the design of the experimental solar drier, and Dr. Vu Quang Thanh for instruction in indoor drying techniques and allowing me to utilize the drying machines and equipment,...
... contaminants. Dioxins are also formed in high-temperature chemical processes (in- cluding garbage incineration) in which organic and inorganic compounds with one or more atoms of chlorine (including molecular ... processes in metallurgy, metal working, engineering, chemical, chemico-pharmaceutical, petrochemical and other industries; and the ex-haust gases of internal combustion engines using lead-containing ... vitally important parameters determining the continuing existence of mankind. The inexorable and seemingly permanent increase of technogenic contaminants in all ecological niches creates danger...
... ability tomaintain catalytically favourable binding geometries.Docking of hydroquinone in the acceptor bindingpocket of SlUGT5 resulted in a single conformationcluster (Fig. 4A) in which the ... the binding clusters shown in Fig. 3.Table S3. Approximated free binding energies and kIvalues for the binding clusters shown in Fig. 4.This supplementary material can be found in theonline ... allows rapid integration of newlycloned GTs into existing trees. In tomatoes, GT activity in extracts partially purified using ammonium sulfatehas been shown to increase over the ripening phase...
... stacking and running gel. Ur ea(6M) was also incorporated into the running gel. Thestaining for the densitometry was obtained with 0.05%Coomassie R in 25% isopropanol, 10% acetic acid in orderto ... protein complexes and not free in themembrane (not shown).These r esults suggest t hat t he co-ordination o f Chl mightbe in part d ifferent in P SI and in PSII; PSI binds Chls bothwithin individual ... each Lhca bandboth in PSI–LHCI c omplex and in recombinant samples isreported in Table 1, expressed as IOD (integrated opticaldensity). The dens itometry allows ob taining a better repro-ducibility...
... binding transiently in the ER to Ig chainsduring protein folding and processing. The immunoblotresults matched those found by Northern blot, in that mostBiP protein was immunoprecipitated in ... IgG-expressing plants. Again this is consistent with the model forBiP in assisting protein folding and increasing throughput ofthe ER. In mammals, BiP associates with both Ig light andheavy chains ... ofrecombinant immunoglobulin chains inplants is significant in demonstrating the suitability and potential versatility oftransgenic plants for producing a variety of mammalianproteins. Protein translocation...
... was higher in the grain than in the shoot at harvest, indicating translocation of N from shoot to grain in cereals as well as in legumes. During grain lling, N content of nongrain tissue generally ... Nitrogen has positive interactions with P and K in crop plants. The increasing N rate increases uptake of P, K, Ca, and Mg in a quadratic fashion in dry bean plants (Table 2.10). Wilkinson et al. (2000) ... seeds(×gg)×−105 In legumes, growth stages (vegetative, reproductive, and pod lling) are not as distinct as in cereals, and reproductive and pod-lling stages overlapped. In the indeterminate type...
... a single failure may have manysymptoms. Maintenance programmers decide which is the most interesting one to record in the APAR symptom code field. “Interesting” failure symptoms for the maintenanceprogrammer ... remainder of this subsection explores the error type data in greater detail. First, wecombine error types into the broader classes of control, addressing, and data error used in the model in ... remove.Addressing-related errors, including copy overruns, allocation management, pointer man-agement problems and uninitialized pointers, make up 25 to 30 percent of the APARs filedagainst IMS,...
... matrix.Competing interestsThe author(s) declare that they have no competing inter-ests.Table 2: List of species/strains of tomato- infecting begomoviruses used in the present study.Species/strain Genbank ... different tomato- infecting begomovirus species. To examine this we sought tocharacterize the recombination events, estimate the frequency of recombination, and maprecombination hotspots in tomato- infecting ... decreased with increasing parentalsequence diversity. These findings provide valuable new information for understanding the diversityand evolution of tomato- infecting begomoviruses in Asia.BackgroundBegomoviruses...
... effective compatible osmolytes inplants subject to salt stress are GB, b -alaninebetaine, prolinebetaine, choline- O -sulphate, hydroxypro-linebetaine, and pipecolatebetaine (Ashraf and Fig. 1.1 ... (2007) Exogenous proline and glycinebetaine increase NaCl-induced ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzyme activities, and proline improves salttolerance more than glycinebetaine in tobacco Bright ... including the luminal binding protein gene BiP is induced. The under-lying mechanisms of UPR in yeasts and mam-mals have been well researched (Rutkowski and Kaufman 2004 ) , although those in...