... spray pyrolysis for TiO2and sol-gel for SnO2 As prepared films exhibit a nanocomposite structure, constituting of a majority ofTiO2and a small amount of SnO2 located on the TiO2 grain surfaces, ... evaporation of solvents and volatile products, took place simultaneously with the deposition process, caused the porosity of the TiO2films Prepareation of TiO2/ SnO2: After the material characterization ... Research of Vietnam, Grant N 405606 References [1] N Castillo, D Olguin, A Conde- Gallardo, S Jiménez- Sandoval, Structural and morphological properties ofTiO2thinfilms prepared by spray pyrolysis,...
... Fabrication of uniform NiO nanotubes by varying nanowire diameter 101 6.1.7 Summary 111 6.2 CharacterizationofNanostructured RS Device 112 6.3 CharacterizationofNanostructured ... accomplishments of this work and the thesis is concluded by suggesting a number of recommendations for future work Chapter Literature Review 2.1 Growth of NiO Thin Film 2.1.1 Physical deposition of NiO thin ... conical conductive filament within the TiO2 layer as Ti4O7, the magneli phase ofTiO2 [54] The conductivity of TiO2- x increases with the increasing value of x [57-59], and when x reaches a certain...
... modes of crystalline h-WO3 The bands at 807 and 702 cmÀ1 are attributed to the symmetric and asymmetric vibrations of W6+–O bonds (O–W–O stretching modes), while the bands at 328, 265 and 236 ... nanostructures of h-WO3 Thus, the size and the yield of the rod-like nanostructures increase with increasing the amount of the salt As a result, the presence of an appropriate amount of Na2SO4 plays ... play important roles on the types of structure, morphology and size of particles constituting the product The details of the effect of sulfate on the formation of WO3 nanocrystal are not clear...
... area of CNTs was also the basis for formation of the composites Though the density ofTiO2 is larger than that of CNTs, the TiO2 – CNTs composites could form a homogeneous dispersion in ethanol and ... successfully by means of hydrolysis, and CNTs were partly coated with TiO2 There were some polar oxygenated groups such as C – O, C=O and O – C=O which might stimulate formation of the composites, and ... addition ofTiO2 was supposed to increase the space among CNTs and improve the dispersion of CNTs in matrix In addition to that, due to the semiconducting properties of TiO2, the CNTs TiO2 composites...
... measurements of 20-nm- and 200-nm-thick ZnO films show a high optical transmittance at spectra 375 nm and above, which corresponds to the optical bandgap of ZnO Thermal annealing of ZnO films at ... Loffler J, Sommeling PM, Lindend JL, Hamersa EAG, Schropp REI, van de Sandena MCM: Surface textured ZnO films for thin film solar cell applications by expanding thermal plasma CVD Thin Solid Films ... Morphologies of ZnO films deposited on ceramic and metal substrates The morphologies of ZnO films deposited on (a) p-type Si(100), (b) muscovite, (c) gold, and (d) titanium at a substrate temperature of...
... lm) of a-MnO2 can be obtained by the reaction between MnSO4 and (NH4)2S2O8 with the addition of AgNO3 catalyst at RT for 1–2 days The thin shell of this structure is composed of nanorods, and ... 1036 substrate in the thin film form The effects of the synthesis temperature on the morphology of the films are investigated, and the capacitive behaviors ofnanostructured MnO2 thin films with different ... adsorption of cations in the electrolyte (M? = Li?, Na?, and K?) on the surface of MnO2 and also possible intercalation/deintercalation of H? and alkaline metal cations in the bulk of MnO2 [29]...
... electronic and magnetic properties of epitaxially grown transition metal doped TiO2thinfilmsby pulsed laser deposition technique on different metal oxide substrates Crystal Structure ofTiO2TiO2 ... purification and other environmental applications46 12 Chapter Growth andCharacterization Technique 13 In this chapter, we will discuss the growth andcharacterization technique ofthinfilmsof Ti1-xTaxO2 ... the doping of metal or non-metal ions in the lattice ofTiO2 is often accompanied by formation of oxygen vacancies Several groups have observed formation of oxygen vacancies in the TiO2 lattice...
... MICROSTRUCTURE AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF COZR AND CO-DOPED TIO2THINFILMS YAO XIAOFENG A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING ... target and bombarded the target surface with a relatively high energy The sputtering atoms fly off in random directions, and some of them land on the substrate, condense there, and form a thin ... The development of in-plane and out -of- plane hysteresis loops of 44 annealed CoZr films following the change of Co concentration Fig.3.3 Saturation magnetiztion (Ms) as a function of the Zr content...
... exp − Εg kT (2.19) where Nc and Nv are the density of state of conduction band and valence band, respectively, and Eg is the energy band gap of materials When electrons and holes are tightly bound ... plane and strains along the c-axis of ZnO films 66 4.3 XRD parameters and calculated strains of Al doped ZnO films 67 4.4 Average roughness (Ra, nm) of ZnO films on micro arrays by AFM ... QS and ND are surface charge and the number of ionized donor states per unit volume, and K, εO, and ∆φS denote the static dielectric constant of the oxide, the permittivity of the vacuum, and...
... roughness of the SiOx films as a function of the flow ratio R 88 Fig 4.7 IR spectra of the as-deposited SiOx films at different flow ratios of R 90 Fig 4.8 IR spectra of the SiOx films ... in XPS spectra of the SiOx nanostructuredfilms deposited by PLD at different substrate temperatures (b) The atomic concentration of the SiOx nanostructuredfilms as a function of the substrate ... as-deposited and (b) after thermal annealing in high vacuum for 60 at a temperature of 800 °C 135 Fig 5.6 Optical bandgaps and PL peak energies of the SiOx nanostructuredfilms formed by PLD as...
... Ge1xMnx thin films, thinfilmsof coexistence of amorphous Ge1-xMnx, Ge crystallites, and high TC secondary phase, granular Ge0.74Mn0.26 thin film, and δ-doped amorphous Ge1xMnx thinfilms have ... objective and motivation of this work, followed by the outline of this thesis Chapter 2: Fabrication andcharacterizationof Fe3O4 nanostructures Epitaxially-grown Fe3O4 thinfilmsand nanowires ... illustration of the fabrication process of Fe3O4 36 nanowires FIG 2.6 FIB images of Fe3O4 nanoconstrictions with a width of (a) 150 36 nm and (b) 80 nm, and a length of µm FIG 2.7 XRD pattern of Fe3O4 thin...
... curves of the FePt fct (001) peak of FePt thinfilms with and without Ag intermediate layers Figure 8-4 Plane view TEM images of FePt thinfilms with (a) Structure I and (b) Structure III and (c) ... fabrication andcharacterizationof the FePt thinfilms in this thesis In order to study the magnetic and structural properties of FePt thin films, the first step in the experiment is to fabricate the films ... structure of FePt filmsand coercivity values for FePt thinfilms grown on corning glass and MgO substrates with different structures X List of figures Figure 1-1 Growth curve of areal density of magnetic...
... anisotropy and growth mechanism ofthinfilms are reviewed, which provides the background to understand this work 1.2 Magnetic anisotropy and coercivity ofthinfilms 1.2.1 Magnetic anisotropy offilms ... Co-ferrite thin films, Bulletin of materials science, 29, 573 (2006) [8] J H Yin, J Ding, J S Chen, and X S Miao, Magnetic properties of Coferrite thinfilms prepared by PLD with in-situ heating and ... detachment of atoms from islands and diffusion of atoms on the substrate surface to attach to other islands, resulting in the shrinkage and even disappearance of some islands and the growth of other...
... of theoretical and experimental tools and techniques, which increases our understanding of matter in both the micro and the nano regimes A typical example is the development of atomic force and ... polymerization); and (ⅲ) the macroscopic precipitation of the polymer is prevented by the presence of a suitable stabilizer The principles of steric stabilization and the use of various types and architectures ... followed by subsequent admixing of divinylbenzene and a radical initiator [146] Polymer layers of poly(vinylbenzyl chloride) (PVBC), copolymers of PDVB-PVBC, and double shells of PDVB and PVBC...
... Figure 4.2 Surface SEM images of the PZT thinfilms deposited by (a) PLD method and (b) sol-gel method; Cross-sectional SEM images of the PZT thinfilms grown by (c) PLD and (d) sol-gel 63 Figure ... Figure 4.3 P-E hysteresis loops of the PZT thinfilms grown by PLD and sol-gel 65 Figure 4.4 Dielectric constant and loss tangent of the PZT films grown by (a) PLD and (b) sol-gel 67 Figure 4.5 ... deposition method and PLD method, by having thin 26 Chapter Apparatus and experiment procedures films with different morphology and structure This would help us to have a better understanding of the underlying...
... materials, and the development of alloying and phase separation of CoCrPt films A: Limitation of the investigation of SRO and phase miscibility by conventional XRD Structural characterizationof solid ... films fall within the domain of materials science A better basic understanding of magnetic thin films, such as the degree of alloying and phase separation of these films, may provide a future ... (0001), and Co (0001) viewed from Si and [111], and Co and Ti [0001] directions, every corner and center of the hexagonal lattice represent a given atom; (b) The designed structure of the thinfilms …...
... Fe52Rh48 thinfilmsof thicknesses 5nm, 10nm, 20nm, 50nm, 100nm and 200nm 41 Figure 4.4 Magnetic-Thermal hysteresis of Fe52Rh48 thinfilmsof thickness 200nm, 100nm, 50nm, 20nm, 10nm and 5nm Films ... multiplied by a factor of √2 of (a) Fe50Rh50 and (b) Fe48Rh52 thinfilmsof thicknesses 5nm, 10nm, 20nm, 50nm, 100nm and 200nm 50 ix Figure 4.9 Magnetic-Thermal hysteresis of (a) equiatomic Fe50Rh50 and ... 100nm, 50nm and 20nm 56 Figure 4.12 Magnetization, lattice parameter-c, and lattice parameter-a multiplied by factor of 2 , and volume of unit cell of Fe52Rh48, Fe50Rh50, and Fe48Rh52 thinfilms epitaxially...
... Fe52Rh48 thinfilmsof thicknesses 5nm, 10nm, 20nm, 50nm, 100nm and 200nm 41 Figure 4.4 Magnetic-Thermal hysteresis of Fe52Rh48 thinfilmsof thickness 200nm, 100nm, 50nm, 20nm, 10nm and 5nm Films ... multiplied by a factor of √2 of (a) Fe50Rh50 and (b) Fe48Rh52 thinfilmsof thicknesses 5nm, 10nm, 20nm, 50nm, 100nm and 200nm 50 ix Figure 4.9 Magnetic-Thermal hysteresis of (a) equiatomic Fe50Rh50 and ... 100nm, 50nm and 20nm 56 Figure 4.12 Magnetization, lattice parameter-c, and lattice parameter-a multiplied by factor of 2 , and volume of unit cell of Fe52Rh48, Fe50Rh50, and Fe48Rh52 thinfilms epitaxially...
... SURFACE OF 215 Table The location and DOS peak structure of energy bands of bulk material and under-investigation films in eV Bulk Band no.1 Peak 1a 1b Band no.2 Peak 2a 2b 2c 2d 2e 2f Band no.3 ... bands no.1 and no.2 are occupied Above Fermi level bands no.3 and no.4 are unoccupied Bands no.2 and no.3 are the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied bands which are well-known as valence and ... the band gap reducing, the downward broadening of both valence and conducting bands and two additional peaks at -2.7 and -0.4 eV (no.2d and 2f) which have the origin of STUDY ON LATTICE AND ELECTRONIC...
... of contents 4.6 4.7 Co-Ta Alloy 65 4.6.1: Calibration of Co and Ta 65 4.6.2: Coercivity of Co-Ta Films 66 4.6.3: TEM of Co-Ta Grains 68 4.6.4: MFM Images of Co-Ta Films 69 4.6.5: TEM Images of ... Summary 50 3.3 3.4 CHAPTER 4: CHARACTERIZATIONOFTHINFILMS 51 4.1 Introduction 51 4.2 Seed Layer 53 4.2.1: Characterizationof Ni80Fe20 53 4.2.2: Characterizationof Ta 55 4.3 Bottom Electrode ... completion of this project The main issues concern the fabrication offilmsand devices as well as the characterizationof these samples Fabrication of the samples involves many equipment and techniques...