... Forest-to-String Statistical Translation Rules. ACL-07. 704-711. Daniel Marcu, W. Wang, A. Echihabi and K. Knight. 2006. SPMT: Statistical Machine Translation with Syntactified Target Language Phrases. ... decoding algorithm. It translates each span ite-ratively from small one to large one (lines 1-2). This strategy can guarantee that when translating the current span, all spans smaller than the ... current one have already been translated before if they are translatable (line 7). When translating a span, if the usable rule is an initial rule, then the treesequence on the target side of...
... statistical machine translation with syn-tactified target language phrases. EMNLP-06. 44-52. Franz J. Och and Hermann Ney. 2004. The alignment template approach to statistical machine translation. ... Zhang, Hongfei Jiang, AiTi Aw, Haizhou Li, Chew Lim Tan and Sheng Li. 200 8a. Atreesequence alignment-based tree- to -tree translation model. ACL-08. 559-567. Min Zhang, Hongfei Jiang, Haizhou ... ACL-07. 704-711. Daniel Marcu and William Wong. 2002. A phrase-based, joint probability model for statistical machine translation. EMNLP-02, 133-139 Daniel Marcu, W. Wang, A. Echihabi and...
... participants additional ideas about the uses of XPath. To understand XPath, participants will need good verbal and visual examples, so be ready to diagram XPath examples if required to clarify ... XPath expressions from a list box control. iv Module 6: Using XPath to Navigate aTree of Nodes Materials and Preparation This section provides the materials and preparation tasks that ... What Is XPath? 2 Lesson: Using XPath 11 Lesson: The Range of Application of XPath 21 Lab 6: Using XPath to Navigate and Select Data 27 Review 37 Module 6: Using XPath to Navigate a Tree...
... of thesignal sequence. Tetracycline-resistant prlA+and prlA4Table 1. Bacterial strains and plasmids used in this study. Camrand Amprindicate resistance to chloramphenicol and ampicillin, ... the Imagequant software(Molecular Dynamics) after scanning of the autoradiogram.In vitrotranscription, translation, targetingand cross-linking analysisTo generate truncated mRNA, plasmids ... proposed that prlA mutations cause a generalrelaxation of the export apparatus [21,24] rather than a specific change that results in bypassing a proofreadingmechanism of the Sec machinery [25].The...
... is a terminating rule, then a tree with a single node labeled by A( w1, w2)isaderivation tree for A( w1, w2).S(aa a aa a, #¯aa a aaa)D(aa a aa a, ¯aa a aaa)F(aa a a, a aaa) A( a, a) ... E (a a a, a aa)D (a a, ¯aa)F (a a, ¯aa) A( a, a) E( a, a) D(ε, ε) A ( a, a) D(ε, ε) A ( a, a) D (a a, ¯aa)F (a a, ¯aa) A( a, a) E( a, a) D(ε, ε) A ( a, a) D(ε, ε)C(ε, #)Figure 1: An ... derivation tree for w is a derivation tree for some S(w1, w2) such that w1w2= w.Example 1 (continued). Figure 1 shows a derivation tree for aa a ¯aa a# ¯aa a aaa.The follo wing lemma should...
... Computational Linguistics A Tree Transducer Model for Synchronous Tree- Adjoining GrammarsAndreas MalettiUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliAvinguda de Catalunya 25, 43002 Tarragona, Spain.andreas.maletti@urv.catAbstract A ... we assumethat all adjunctions are mandatory; i.e., if an aux-iliary tree can be adjoined, then we need to makean adjunction. Thus, a derivation starting from aninitial tree to a derived tree ... auxiliary tree by a special marker. Traditionally, the root label A ofan auxiliary tree is replaced by A ∅once adjoined.Since we assume that there are no auxiliary treeswith such a root label,...
... able to take direct advantage of manually an-notated corpora like the Penn Treebank, which arenot marked for derivations and thus assume a stan-dard CFG. Since different TSG derivations canproduce ... foundthat the use of larger subtrees did correlate withaccuracy; however, the low overall accuracy (andthe fact that there are so many of these large sub-trees available in the grammar) suggests ... EMNLP.Thomas S. Ferguson. 1973. A Bayesian analysis ofsome nonparametric problems. Annals of Mathe-matical Statistics, 1(2):209–230.Sharon Goldwater, Thomas L. Griffiths, and MarkJohnson. 2009. A Bayesian...
... climbed atree The boy climbed a tree. 3. Tại sao lại câu trên lại dịch như vậy? Các bạn thấy từ "boy" trong tiếng Anh là có ngh a là "cậu bé", nhưng khi đứng sau mạo ... người ta gọi là mạo từ xác định. Mạo từ thường đi trước danh từ và nếu mạo từ xác định (the) đi trước danh từ thì nó làm cho danh từ đó đã xác định (người nói và người nghe đã biết danh từ ... "climbed" là dạng quá khứ c a động từ climb (leo trèo). Hay có cách nói khác là động từ climb ở câu này được chia ở thời (thì) quá khứ đơn (simple past tense). Động từ được chia ở thì quá khứ đơn diễn...
... (5¢-GACGAGTACACGGTGGCCGGATACAACCTCAGGA-3¢) and R450ALo (5¢-TCCTGAGGTTGTATCCG GCCACCGTGT ACTCGTC-3¢);Y452AUp (5¢-ACACGGTGCGCGGAGCCAACCTCAAGACGTC-3¢) and Y452ALo (5¢-GACGTCCTGAGGTTGGCTCCGGCCACCGTGT-3¢); RA+YAUp (5¢-ACACGGTGGCCGGAGCCAACCTCAGGACGTC-3¢) ... density map and are not included in the finalmodel. Structural data are available in the Protein DataBank database under the accession number 3NJT.Channel analysisThe planar lipid bilayer recordings ... the same buffer as above. Equal amounts of sam-ples were separated by SDS ⁄ PAGE and analysed by westernblot with an anti-FhaC serum. This antibody was raised inrats against the periplasmic...
... nam 12 Mà cha Javanica Viện Khoa học KTNN Việt nam 13 Tan do Javanica Viện Khoa học KTNN Việt nam 14 Chiêm Phú xuyên Javanica Viện Khoa học KTNN Việt nam 15 Khẩu nua tẩu Javanica ... khoa hc Nụng nghip 21 (2003) cho rằng, mức độ thể hiện u thế lai ở l a theo thứ tự Indica/ Japonica > Indica/ Javanica > Japonica/ Javanica > Indica/ Indica > Japonica/ Japonica. ... đặc điểm c a l a Japonica. Gây tạo l a lai Indica/ Javanica có thể đóng vai trò tơng tự trong việc cải tiến chất lợng hạt cũng nh tăng năng suất l a Indica. L a lai Indica/ Japonica có tiềm...