... elementary treesthat are auxiliary trees also contain exactly one footnode, which is marked with an asterisk (∗). Treesthat are not auxiliary trees are called initial trees.Elementary trees can be ... planning specification language andshow how LTAG grammaticality can be encoded as a PDDL problem and how we can reconstruct anLTAG derivation from the plan.2.1 Tree- adjoining grammarsThe grammar ... withoutbeing changed by the action. Atoms are printed inboldface iff they contradict the goal.This plan can be read as a derivation tree that hasone node for each action instance in the plan, and anedge...
... a wind farm of HAWT using GA gives a uniform grid arrangement similar that obtained by Grady et al. [2]; this is different than that obtained by Mosetti [1] who obtained a somewhat random arrangement. ... Genetic algorithms (GA) are a class of stochastic optimization algorithms inspired by the biological evolution. The GA starts with an initial generation, which is a group of input vectors that are ... Engineering in department of Mechanical Engineering and MaterialsScience at Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA. He is a Fellow of ASME, AIAA, IEEE, and SAE. E-mail address: rka@wustl.edu...
... configuration and verify it. • Observe the behavior of spanning- treealgorithm in presence of switched network topology changes. Background/Preparation Cable a network similar to one of the diagram. ... Switch _A# show spanning- tree brief b. On Switch_B type show spanning- tree brief at the privileged EXEC mode prompt as follows: Switch_B#show spanning- tree brief Examine the command output and ... specifically instructed otherwise. Start a HyperTerminal session. Step 1 Configure the switches Configure the hostname, access and command mode passwords, as well as the management LAN settings....
... Switch _A# show spanning- tree brief b. On Switch_B type show spanning- tree brief at the privileged exec mode prompt as follows: Switch_B#show spanning- tree brief c. What changes have taken place ... configuration and verify it. • Observe the behavior of spanningtreealgorithm in presence of switched network topology changes. Background / Preparation Cable a network similar to one of the diagram. ... specifically instructed otherwise. Start a Hyperterminal session. Step 1 Configure the switches Configure the hostname, access and command mode passwords, as well as the management LAN settings....
... Check again with the show spanning- tree command to make sure the priority has changed: ALSwitch#sh spanning- tree Spanning tree 1 is executing the IEEE compatible SpanningTree protocol ... previous lab - 5.2.5.1 (Spanning- Tree Default Behavior). Make sure your uplink cables are connected as shown in the graphic above. 2. Look at the spanning- tree output: DLSwitch1> (enable) ... to make sure, examine things on ALSwitch: ALSwitch#sh spanning- tree Spanning tree 1 is executing the IEEE compatible SpanningTree protocol Bridge Identifier has priority 49152, address...
... representative of the program (admin@raecp.org). Managers: are responsible for the following parts: (At least 2 managers for each part and 1 manager may undertake many parts) 1. Coordinator: ... the name Raising Awareness on Environment and Climate Change Program. The management board consists of a program director, some program managers and specialized staffs who are grouped as the ... 1960s and 1990s and the Hydro meteorological General Department estimates that the seawater level is raising at an average rate of 2 mm per year. Coastal erosion has also been reported, such as...
... pages 333–341,Suntec, Singapore, 2-7 August 2009.c2009 ACL and AFNLPPhrase-Based Statistical Machine Translation as a Traveling SalesmanProblemMikhail Zaslavskiy∗Marc Dymetman Nicola ... Franz Josef Och, and Daniel Marcu.2003. Statistical phrase-based translation. InNAACL 2003, pages 48–54, Morristown, NJ, USA.Association for Computational Linguistics.Adam Lopez. 2008. Statistical ... the sentence are asfollows:ID source targeth cette thist traduction translationht cette traduction this translationmt traduction automatique machine translation a automatique automaticm automatique...
... Krugler,Wayne Ward, James H. Martin, and Daniel Juraf-sky. 200 5a. Support vector learning for semanticargument classification. Machine Learning Journal.Sameer Pradhan, Wayne Ward, Kadri Hacioglu, JamesMartin, ... 6 main arguments,Arg0 is the Agent, Arg1 is Patient, etc. ArgM-may indicate adjunct arguments, such as Locative,Temporal.Many researchers (Gildea and Jurafsky, 2002;Pradhan et al., 200 5a) ... Parse Tree Path feature inthe flat feature set since the Path feature is sensi-tive to small changes of the parse trees and it alsodoes not maintain the hierarchical information of a parse tree. It...
... on dependency parsingprovided data for a number of languages in a com-mon data format. We have selected seven of theselanguages for which the data is available to us. Ad-ditionally, we have ... oracle parse accuracy is high. The or-acle parse accuracy for a set of parse trees is thehighest accuracy for any individual tree in the set.We show that the 1-best accuracy and oracle accu-racy ... of NODALIDA 2007, Tartu, Estonia, May 25-26.To appear.Ryan McDonald and Fernando Pereira. 2006. Online learningof approximate dependency parsing algorithms. In Proceed-ings of the Annual Meeting...
... Statistical Machine Translation using a Maximum Entropy ApproachIsmael Garc´ a VareaDpto. de Inform´aticaUniv. de Castilla-La ManchaCampus Universitario s/n02071 Albacete, Spainivarea@info-ab.uclm.esFranz ... boundaries.ReferencesYaser Al-Onaizan, Jan Curin, Michael Jahr,Kevin Knight, John Lafferty, Dan Melamed,David Purdy, Franz J. Och, Noah A. Smith,and David Yarowsky. 1999. Statistical ma-chine translation, final ... dialog act.To include this additional information within the statistical framework we use the maximum en-tropy approach. This approach has been appliedin natural language processing to a variety...
... The woman wanted the dresm on that rock. has low attachment of the PP, whereas The tnoman positioned the dreu on that rack. has high attachment. Garden-Path Sentences Grammatical sentences ... mentioned above is generated automatically from a context-free grammar by the standard al- gorithm [Aho and Johnson, 1974]. The parsing alogrithm differs, however, from the standard LALR(1) parsing ... some way the linguistic performance as well as the linguistic competence of the native speaker. We have developed a parsing algorithma variant of the LALR(I} shift reduce algorithm that models...
... Berkman Center staff and interns and the Harvard Law School Library staff. Catherine Bracy Ramesh Nagarajan Bruce Etling Caroline Nolan Sawyer Carter Jacobs Antwaun Wallace Colin Maclay Catherine ... Anjali Dalal Olivier Sautel Gildas de Muizon Marta Stryszowska Jan Gerlach Lara Srivastava Jock Given Andrea Von Kaenel Hank Greenberg Asa Wilks (statistics: urbanicity & poverty; actual ... States04080120160ItalyGreeceLuxembourgCzechPortugalUnitedAustriaGermanyFinlandDenmarkIrelandSwedenNetherlandsSlovakNorwayHungarySwitzerlandPolandSpainIcelandNew ZealandAustraliaBelgiumSouth KoreaFranceUnitedTurkeyJapanMexicoCanadaSource:...
... L.Paris, William R. Swartout, and William C. Mann(Eds.): Natural Language Generation in ArtificialIntelligence and Computational Linguistics, pages293-312.David Kauchak and Regina Barzilay. ... arestored in paraphrase tables (PTs). A paraphrase ta-ble is similar to a phrase table in SMT, which con-tains fine-grained paraphrases, such as paraphrasephrases, patterns, or collocations. The ... thematched patterns are instantiated and the matched colloca-tions are connected with words between them.837Multiple Paraphrase TablesPT1……Paraphrase PlanningParaphrase Generation tSentence...