Development a new equation of polarization curve for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell at different channel geometry

... reaction at the surface of catalyst layers ● A new correlation for predicting the polarization curve of a PEM fuel cell according to cell temperature and the parameter of cross-section channel geometry ... (7) that in this equation current density is in A/ cm2, temperatures are in ºC and Z=1 for elliptical channel and Z=2 for triangular channel and Z=3 for rectangular channel that this parameter ... stack In this study the effect of changing the cross-section geometry of channels has been investigated experimentally and a new equation for polarization curve obtained that is a function of...

Mass transport enhancement in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell

... water and proton transport in catalyst layer and membrane, as well as electrical current transport in the bipolar plate The generalized Stefan-Maxwell equation is used to model the water and proton ... channels (parallel, serpentine, inter-digitated and etc) are machined in graphite plates to feed the reactant gases to the GDL Optimum flow channel area can be determined, as in some cases a larger ... results available from Temasek Poly, Singapore Carry out detailed parametric study in order to identify parameters that are critical for fuel cell operation For mass transport augmentation in forced...

Development of reduced models for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

... now 1.2 Types of Fuel Cells There are six types of fuel cells that are currently in commercial use, di¤erentiated according to the type of electrolyte: Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC), ... Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC), Alkaline Fuel Cell (AFC), 1.2 Types of Fuel Cells Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC), Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC), Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) The characteristics of fuel ... and water Introduction Figure 1.1: A schematic of a fuel cell 1.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Fuel Cells One of the key advantages of fuel cells is that this technology convert chemical energy...

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Integrated platinum carbon nanotube based electrocatalyst for high efficiency proton exchange membrane fuel cells 1

... Suitable for all sizes of power stations, kW to multi-MW Table 1. 1 Main types of fuel cells and their characteristics and applications 1. 3 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) Proton Exchange ... 1- 1 to 1- 3 [2]: Anode: H2 2H+ + 2e- Cathode: 2H+ + 2e- + 1/ 2O2 Overall: H2 + 1/ 2O2 (1- 1) H2O H2O + electricity + heat (1- 2) (1- 3) According to Eq 1- 3, the electrochemical energy in hydrogen fuel ... on carbon black (CB) and carbon nanotube (CNT) as well as their diverse synthesis methods 1. 4 .1 Carbon Supported Pt Electrocatalysts for ORR Platinum has been used as the electrocatalyst for...

Integrated platinum carbon nanotube based electrocatalyst for high efficiency proton exchange membrane fuel cells 2

... most accurate and realistic information of the Pt/CNT -based electrocatalyst as a potential substitute for conventional Pt/VXC72Rbased electrocatalysts used for high- efficiency PEMFC applications ... VCXC72R Carbon paper TGPH090 Toray Carbon black (CB) VCXC72R Cabot Commercial Pt catalyst 40wt% Pt/VCXC72R Johnson Matthey Commercial Pt catalyst 20 wt% Pt/VCXC72R E-TEK Nafion membrane Nafion 1 12 ... A1093 (20 06) [22 ] S Mitsushima, S Kawahara, K I Ota, and N Kamiya, J Electrochem Soc 154, B153 (20 07) [23 ]D A Stevens, M T Hicks, G M Haugen, and J R Dahn, J Electrochem Soc 1 52, A2309 (20 05) [24 ]...

Integrated platinum carbon nanotube based electrocatalyst for high efficiency proton exchange membrane fuel cells 3

... (6vol%) and silane (1vol%) solution containing 0 .3 M Ni(NO3)2 and 0 .3 M Co(NO3)2 for h During the CNT growth, the carbon paper was heated at 600 °C for at 35 0 sccm Ar and 1.5 sccm H2 flow to obtain ... well as the carbon graphitization (see Fig 3. 2 (a)) On the other hand, at a high growth temperature of 800 °C, thermal pyrolysis of C2H4 would take place to form amorphous carbon before it dissolves ... the integrated CNT-grown carbon paper as a potential electrode component for PEMFC applications 3. 3.1 BET Surface Area of in situ Grown CNTs In this study, BET surface area measurement was performed...

Integrated platinum carbon nanotube based electrocatalyst for high efficiency proton exchange membrane fuel cells 4

... studies [13-17] 20000 4f7/2, 71.1 eV 4f5/2, 74. 4 eV 16000 CPS 12000 8000 40 00 84 82 80 78 76 74 72 70 68 66 64 Binding energy / eV Fig 4. 4 XPS spectrum of Pt nanoparticles on CNT /carbon paper by sputter-deposition ... sccm C2H4) 0.8 Pt/CNT -based cathode (15 sccm C2H4) Cell potential / V Pt/CNT -based cathode (20 sccm C2H4) Pt/CNT -based cathode (25 sccm C2H4) 0.6 -2 Pt loading: 0. 04 mg cm at cathode 0 .4 0.2 0.0 ... [ 24] As such, in this study we focus on the integrated Pt/CNT -based electrocatalyst for the ORR by examining their in situ electrochemical performance as the PEMFC cathode electrocatalyst 4. 3.1...

Integrated platinum carbon nanotube based electrocatalyst for high efficiency proton exchange membrane fuel cells 5

... The longterm stability information of Pt/CNT -based electrocatalysts from a fuel cell under real operating conditions would be very useful for the full evaluation of these electrocatalysts in terms ... wt% Pt/VXC72Rbased electrodes at 1 .5 V vs DHE 141 120 (a) Before potentiostatic oxidation After 30min oxidation at 1.5V After 60min oxidation at 1.5V After 90min oxidation at 1.5V After 120min ... observed for the Pt/CNT -based electrode by the 2-h potentiostatic oxidation as shown in Fig 5. 4 (a), probably due to the higher oxidation potential of 1 .5 V According the CVs in Fig 5. 4 (a),...

Integrated platinum carbon nanotube based electrocatalyst for high efficiency proton exchange membrane fuel cells 6

... cm-1 This technique is thus more suitable for fabricating low Pt loading electrode with high Pt utilization for PEMFC applications 6. 2 Recommendations for Future Research The in situ grown CNT ... tests were performed in a single cell test system When compared with two commercial Pt/VXC72R -based electrodes, the Pt/CNT -based electrode showed a notable improvement in polarization performance ... fabrication method to synthesize a variety of Pt/CNT -based electrodes for future PEMFC research and applications These Pt/CNTbased electrodes containing Pt -based alloy catalysts with much reduced Pt content...

Báo cáo toán học: " New proofs of Schur-concavity for a class of symmetric functions" potx

... motivated by Ceng et al [2], Takahashi and Zembayashi [14], Takahashi and Zembayashi [9], the main aim of this paper is to introduce and investigate a new iterative method for finding a solution of ... et al Fixed Point Theory and Applications 2011, 2011:91 http://www.fixedpointtheoryandapplications.com/content/2011/1/91 Page of 11 and Takahashi [10] and Takahashi et al [13], Takahashi and ... YJC and ZW carried out the studies on nonlinear analysis and applications, wrote this article together and participated in its design of this paper All authors read and approved the final manuscript...

Báo cáo hóa học: " Erratum to “A New Class of Particle Filters for Random Dynamic Systems with Unknown Statistics”" pot

... i=1 =1 REFERENCES [1] J M´guez, M F Bugallo, and P M Djuri´ , “A new class of parı c ticle ﬁlters for random dynamic systems with unknown statistics,” EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing, ... a, where he became an Asn sociate Professor in July 2003 His research interests are in the ﬁeld of statistical signal processing, with emphasis on the topics of Bayesian analysis, sequential Monte ... applied to multiuser communication systems In 2001, she joined the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Stony Brook University, where she is currently an Assistant Professor and...

Báo cáo y học: " A new pathway of glucocorticoid action for asthma treatment through the regulation of PTEN expression" pdf

... expression Data from all these assays together suggest that the effect of glucocorticoids on asthma may partly pass through the PTEN signaling pathway, and that PTEN is a new target gene involved in the ... Because of these facts, PTEN has been proposed as a therapeutic target for asthma [16] PTEN acts as the catalytic antagonist of PI3K by dephosphorylating PIP3 to PIP2 PI3Kbeta, delta and gamma isoform-specific ... glucocorticoids in asthma treatment Specific regulation of PTEN expression in human airways may be useful for the treatment of asthma Declaration of interests The authors declare that they have no competing...

DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS’ ENGLISH FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES COMPETENCE IN TOURISM STUDIES AT TERTIARY LEVEL potx

... determine students’ ESP Development of students’ English for Special Purposes competence in tourism studies at tertiary level Dr Ineta Luka, School of Business Administration Turiba, Latvia 13 competence ... stage of the research to create the model for the development of students’ ESP competence Development of students’ English for Special Purposes competence in tourism studies at tertiary level Dr Ineta ... result forming new experiences Development of students’ English for Special Purposes competence in tourism studies at tertiary level Dr Ineta Luka, School of Business Administration Turiba, Latvia...

Báo cáo hóa học: "Research Article ISAR Imaging of Ship Target with Complex Motion Based on New Approach of Parameters Estimation for Polynomial Phase Signal" docx

... 1: Parameters of the simulated signal Components (k) Ak ak,1 ak,2 ak,3 π/8 × 10−3 × 10−5 1.5 π/4 −1 × 10−3 −6 × 10−5 ISAR Imaging of Ship Target Based on IHMPT The ISAR imaging algorithm of ship ... multicomponent CPS for ISAR imaging of ship target with high maneuverability In this paper, a new algorithm called IHMPT is proposed to estimate the parameters of the multicomponent CPS Combined with ... Section 2, the cubic phase signal model for the received signal of ship target in ISAR imaging is established; in Section 3, the principle of IHMPT is presented, and the ISAR imaging algorithm of...

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