materials for proton exhange membrane fuel cells
Development of reduced models for proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Ngày tải lên :
30/09/2015, 06:29
... Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC), Alkaline Fuel Cell (AFC), 1.2 Types of Fuel Cells Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC), Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC), Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) The characteristics of fuel ... now 1.2 Types of Fuel Cells There are six types of fuel cells that are currently in commercial use, di¤erentiated according to the type of electrolyte: Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC), ... relates proton conductivity as a function of water content m (S/m) = (0:5193 0:326) exp 1268 303:15 T : (2.15) 22 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell 2.5 Cell performance Fuel cell performance...
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Integrated platinum carbon nanotube based electrocatalyst for high efficiency proton exchange membrane fuel cells 1
Ngày tải lên :
11/09/2015, 10:02
... (PEMFCs) Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells are also known as polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells or polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) Unlike other types of fuel cells, a typical PEMFC ... Suitable for all sizes of power stations, kW to multi-MW Table 1.1 Main types of fuel cells and their characteristics and applications 1.3 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) Proton ... cell performance 24 degradation due to support oxidation and Pt catalyst loss [34] Therefore, many research efforts have been devoted to exploring for new catalyst support materials for PEMFC...
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Integrated platinum carbon nanotube based electrocatalyst for high efficiency proton exchange membrane fuel cells 2
Ngày tải lên :
11/09/2015, 10:03
... the membranes were cation-exchanged to H+ form by boiling them in a 0.5M H2SO4 solution for hour and finally they were rinsed in boiling DI water for hour After this purification process, the membranes ... parameters such as growth temperature, catalytic materials, gas flow rates and so forth 40 Currently a number of forms of CVD techniques are in wide use for CNT growth differing in their activation ... cycling ADT test, the electrode was held at 0.6 V for 40 s and at 1.8 V for 20 s for a total of 100 oxidation cycles In situ CV curves were measured before ADT and after every 10 oxidation cycles...
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Integrated platinum carbon nanotube based electrocatalyst for high efficiency proton exchange membrane fuel cells 3
Ngày tải lên :
11/09/2015, 10:03
... Co(NO3)2 for h During the CNT growth, the carbon paper was heated at 600 °C for at 350 sccm Ar and 1.5 sccm H2 flow to obtain Co−Ni nanoparticles Then the temperature was increased to 800 °C for for ... maintained at these conditions for 30 and then subjected to CNT growth under a C2H2 flow of 7.5 sccm at 700 °C for h This growth process was rather time-consuming for its long heating conditioning ... temperature of 800 °C, thermal pyrolysis of C2H4 would take place to form amorphous carbon before it dissolves into Fe catalysts to form CNTs, thus it can be observed in Fig 3.2 (c) that even fewer...
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Integrated platinum carbon nanotube based electrocatalyst for high efficiency proton exchange membrane fuel cells 4
Ngày tải lên :
11/09/2015, 10:03
... interface between the anode catalyst layer and the membrane The pathway for proton diffusion is thus very short from the reaction site to the membrane [38] In addition, the hydrogen oxidation ... hydrated Nafion membrane [42] and 2.1 Hz for the characteristic frequency of the diffusion impedance, the corresponding diffusion length for water transport was calculated as 11.7 µm for all the ... should be noted that water transport in membrane is associated with proton transport process due to the characteristic mechanism for Nafion conducting protons [43] According to previous studies...
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Integrated platinum carbon nanotube based electrocatalyst for high efficiency proton exchange membrane fuel cells 5
Ngày tải lên :
11/09/2015, 10:03
... 0.6 and 1.8 V for a total of 100 oxidation cycles For each cycle, the electrode was held at 0.6 V for 40 s and at 1.8 V for 20 s, corresponding to a total oxidation time of 100 for the ADT test ... DHE for h, instead of a dynamic potential cycling as in the CV cycling oxidation process In this ADT test, the CV characterization for electrode electrochemical surface area was performed before ... PEMFC conditions The longterm stability information of Pt/CNT-based electrocatalysts from a fuel cell under real operating conditions would be very useful for the full evaluation of these electrocatalysts...
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Integrated platinum carbon nanotube based electrocatalyst for high efficiency proton exchange membrane fuel cells 6
Ngày tải lên :
11/09/2015, 10:03
... cm-1 This technique is thus more suitable for fabricating low Pt loading electrode with high Pt utilization for PEMFC applications 6.2 Recommendations for Future Research The in situ grown CNT ... Pt-based bimetallic alloys using bulk Pt-alloy materials [1-8] Ross [1, 2] and Landsman [3] reported improved ORR activity in phosphoric acid fuel cells from various Pt3M (M denotes the first-row ... various simulated PEMFC environments for PEMFC applications Jalan et al [4] investigated the Pt-alloys supported on carbon black also in phosphoric acid fuel cells and found that the enhancement...
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Development a new equation of polarization curve for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell at different channel geometry
Ngày tải lên :
09/09/2015, 10:32
... general for fuel cells other than those used in [5] Khazaee [6] investigated numerically the effect of using different obstacles on the performances, current density and gas concentration for different ... distribution on the performance of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell stack Their stack model consists of the flow network solver for pressure and mass flow distributions for the reactant gas ... cooling water, and the heat transfer solver for temperature distribution among the cells in the stack, as well as the fuel cell model for individual cell performance They found that the effect of...
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Design, fabrication and characterization of thin film materials for heterojunction silicon wafer solar cells
Ngày tải lên :
09/09/2015, 11:15
... area fraction for front emitter cells (left) and for rear emitter cells (right) Four solar cell structures are compared: hybrid(a-Si) cells, hybrid(µc-Si) cells, conventional diffused cells, and ... for diffused and hybrid cells as well as for full-area heterojunction cells Assuming a wafer thickness of 150 μm, the photogeneration current density is 40.9 mA cm-2 for diffused and hybrid cells, ... from monocrystalline/multicrystalline solar cells, thin-film solar cells, organic solar cells, tandem cells, concentrator cells and varying choice of materials such as silicon, gallium arsenide...
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Mass transport enhancement in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell
Ngày tải lên :
14/09/2015, 08:36
... Introduction 1.1 Fuel Cell Overview 1.2 Fuel Cell Thermodynamics and Electrochemistry 1.2.1 Theoretical Limit 1.2.2 Fuel Cell Performance 1.3 Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell 1.3.1 Components ... published experimental data for both forced and free convection PEMFC For forced convection fuel cells, a flow structure which delivers the reactant transversely to the membrane electrode assembly ... classification for fuel cells, each based on different criteria: type of fuel used, operating temperature, type of electrolytes etc Table 1.3 shows the distinct characteristics for the six types of fuel cells...
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Fabrication of membrane electrode assembly for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell
Ngày tải lên :
06/10/2015, 20:42
... types of fuel cells can be found in the Fuel cell handbook 7th ed [1] or Fuel cell system explained by Larminie & Dicks [3] 1.2 Challenges for the Further Development of Fuel Cells The first fuel ... common fuel cell types are Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC), Alkaline Fuel Cell (AFC), Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC), Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC), and Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ... Introduction Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell is also known as Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC) or Solid Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (SPEFC) or Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell As indicated...
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Preparation and characterization of the PVDF-based composite membrane for direct methanol fuel cells
Ngày tải lên :
05/09/2013, 16:11
... ketone) proton exchange membranes for fuel cell application J Membr Sci, 2005, 255(1-2):149-155 [4] V.S Silva, A Mendes, L.M Madeira, et al Proton exchange membranes for direct methanol fuel cells: ... kJ.mol−1 for Nafion-117 and 20.05 kJ.mol−1 for PVDF-SPS membrane, respectively Ea of the PVDFSPS membrane is close to that of the Nafion-117 The proton conductivity of the PVDF-SPS membrane and ... indicates that the proton conductivity performance of the PVDF-SPS membrane is good, although the proton conductivity of PVDF-SPS membrane is smaller than that of the commercial Nafion-117 membrane -1.0...
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Poly(2,6 dimethyl 1,4 phenylene oxide) based semi interpenetrating polymer network proton exchange membranes for direct methanol fuel cells
Ngày tải lên :
09/09/2015, 10:14
... the cross-linked membranes: (a) PPO-PA membrane, (b) PPO-DEA membrane, (c) PPO-MID membrane, (d) PPO-ID membrane, (e) base-treated PPO-PA membrane, (f) base-treated PPO-DEA membrane, (g) base-treated ... simple polymer blends, leading to forced miscibility and the formation of mechanically strong membranes SIPNs are therefore useful for improving the membrane performance in a wide range of applications ... controlled the proton transfer rate Acid-base cross-linked membranes formed with acid-heterocyclic amine complexes were found to be more effective in proton transport than membranes formed with...
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Proton electrolyte membranes with hybrid matrix structures for assembling fuel cells
Ngày tải lên :
11/09/2015, 16:05
... REVIEW 11 2.1 Fuel Cells 11 2.1.1 Introduction 11 2.1.2 Fuel Cell Theory 12 2.1.3 Classification of Fuel Cells 13 2.2 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) 15 2.3 Proton Exchange Membranes ... suggestions for development of proton exchange membrane in the future 10 CHAPTER LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Fuel cells 2.1.1 Introduction Fuel cells have emerged as one of the most promising technologies for ... drive for zero emission vehicles has led to great technological strides in the development of PEMFC (Basu, 2007) 2.2 Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) The proton exchange membrane fuel...
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The Business Case for Fuel Cells: Why Top Companies are Purchasing Fuel Cells Today doc
Ngày tải lên :
29/03/2014, 19:20
... http://www.unfi.com/HydrogenFuelCells_SAR.aspx http://www.unfi.com/HydrogenFuelCells_SAR.aspx 60 http://www.unfi.com/HydrogenFuelCells_SAR.aspx 61 http://www.unfi.com/HydrogenFuelCells_SAR.aspx 59 36 U.S Foodservice Fuel ... market opportunity for fuel cells for backup power for state and local emergency response agencies The report found that fuel cells offer lower lifecycle costs than batteries for applications less ... State of the States: Fuel Cells in America Report http://www.fuelcells.org/statereport.html http://www.fuelcells.org/info/statedatabase.html Companies Profiled in this Report Fuel Cell Stationary...
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fuel processing for fuel cells
Ngày tải lên :
01/04/2014, 11:39
... minimised for low temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells, but other fuel cells may well utilize it as a fuel (see Section 2.3.2) The same applies for methane in certain fuel cells Therefore, ... Hydrocarbon Reforming 80 Catalysts for Natural Gas/Methane Reforming 81 Catalysts for Reforming of LPG 84 Catalysts for Pre-Reforming of Hydrocarbons 86 Catalysts for Gasoline Reforming 88 Catalysts for ... Common Fossil Fuels Basic Definitions, Calculations and Legislation The Various Types of Fuel Cells and the Requirements of the Fuel Processor 12 PEM Fuel Cells 12 High Temperature Fuel Cells 15 3.1...
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electrocatalytic and fuel processing studies for portable fuel cells
Ngày tải lên :
14/11/2014, 13:12
... NITROGEN-CONTAINING CARBON CATALYSTS FOR THE OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION IN PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELL CATHODES CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 1.1 Advantages of Fuel Cells Fuel cells are promising alternative ... CATALYSTS FOR THE OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION IN PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELL CATHODES CHAPTER – INTRODUCTION 1.1 Advantages of Fuel Cells 1.2 How a PEM Fuel Cell ... these fuel cells are unique from the other commercially viable types of fuel cells, like the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC), the Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC), and the Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell...
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Nanostructured metal oxide materials for dye sensitized solar cells
Ngày tải lên :
10/09/2015, 15:49
... (DSSC) Higher costs of silicon solar cells have forced researchers to look for new low cost materials and devices The most well known and researched low cost solar cells is dyesensitized solar cell ... Global warming and depletion of fossil fuels have sparked extensive research for clean energy sources such as solar cells around the world Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) are currently subject ... perfection In view of these physical limitations, a lot of effort has been invested into the search for new materials The ideal solar cell materials should have a direct band gap in the range of 1.1-1.7...
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Polymer electrolyte membranes for direct methanol fuel cells
Ngày tải lên :
14/09/2015, 13:50
... design of most fuel cells is similar except for the electrolyte The five major types of fuel cells as defined by their electrolyte are: alkaline fuel cells (AFCs), phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFCs), ... phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFCs), molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs), solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) Their main features and intended applications ... is not appropriate for DMFC applications 2.3 Performance Indicators for Polymer Electrolyte Membranes 2.3.1 Proton Conductivity The oxidation of fuel at the anode generates protons which must...
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