Biochemical, Genetic, and Molecular Interactions in Development - part 2 potx

... 11, 23 –45. 25 . Kingsley, D. M. (20 01) Genetic control of bone and joint formation. Novartis Found. Sympos. 23 2, 21 3 22 2; discussion 22 2 23 4, 27 2 28 2. 26 . Yoon, S. T. and Boden, S. D. (20 02) Osteoinductive ... morphogenetic proteins and cognate binding proteins in bone and carti-lage development: noggin, chordin and DAN. Arthritis Res. 3, 1–5. 23 . Balemans, W. and Hul, W. V. (20 02) Extracellular regulation ... BMP -2 , BMP-3, BMP-4, BMP-5, and BMP-7 all are expressed in the perichondrial cells (26 ). Although BMP-4 and BMP-7 are expressed at low levels by chondrocytes undergoing maturation (27 ), BMP-6 and...

Biochemical, Genetic, and Molecular Interactions in Development - part 9 potx

... have been induced in mice or rats by various maternal chemical treatments, including tri-n-butyltin (19), nitrous oxide (20 ), mitomycin-C (21 ), methanol (22 ,23 ), and boric acid (24 ). CSNRs,similar ... dpc by using molecular markers. Aretinoic acid-responsive transcription factor, Ap -2 , ( 42) and cellular retinoic acid-binding protein-1Fig. 5. Analysis of the endogenous levels of retinoic acid ... tetrachloride-induced pregnancyloss in Fischer-344 rats, with insights into the detection of resorption sites by ammonium sulfide staining. Teratology56, 25 2 26 1. 22 . Narotsky, M. G. and Rogers,...

Biochemical, Genetic, and Molecular Interactions in Development - part 1 docx

... homology: classical cadherins type I (e.g., E-, N-, P-, R-cadherin), classical cadherinstype II (cadherin-6 to -1 2) , cadherins found in desmosomes (desmocollins, desmogleins), cadherinswith a very short ... significant inhibition of cellular condensation and chondrogenesis in vitro and in vivo using a function-blocking monoclonal antibody, NCD -2 , directed against N-cadherin ( 42) .These findings correlate ... at tis-sue and somite boundaries. Development 120 , 3667–3679.1 02. Novak, A., Shu, C., and Chungyee, L. (1998) Cell adhesion and the integrin-linked kinase regulate the LEF-1 and `- catenin signaling...

Biochemical, Genetic, and Molecular Interactions in Development - part 3 pdf

... hydrox-ylase, catalyze the formation of 4-hydroxyproline, 3-hydroxyproline, and hydroxylysine residues in -X-Pro-Gly, -Pro-4Hyp-Gly-, and -X-Lys-Gly- triplets, respectively (19 21 ). 4-Hydroxyproline ... chains, called _ chains, and contain at least one unique triple-helical domain withrepeating -Gly-X-Y- sequences in each of the constituent chains. The presence of glycine, the small-est amino ... specific proline and lysine residues to 4-hydroxy-proline, 3-hydroxyproline, and hydroxylysine; O-linked glycosylation of some of the hydroxylysineresidues to galactosylhydroxylysine and glucosyl...

Biochemical, Genetic, and Molecular Interactions in Development - part 4 ppt

... evidence that heparin-like glycosaminoglycansare involved in wingless signaling. Development 124 , 26 23 26 32. 103. Tsuda, M., Kamimura, K., Nakato, H., et al. (1999) The cell-surface proteoglycan ... regulating chondrogenesis, the retinoid signaling pathway is placed. Of these molecules,the members of the transforming growth factor-` family, including transforming growth factor- `-1 , -2 , and -3 , ... can bind to Xwnt-3a, Xwnt-5, and Xwnt-8 in vitro but only interacts with Xwnt-8 in the embryo (89). Similar results have been obtainedfor Frzb2 and Sizzled 2 (90), making the in vivo requirement...

Biochemical, Genetic, and Molecular Interactions in Development - part 5 docx

... dominant-negative Smad1 effectively blocks BMP -2 - induced Runx -2 expression butnot the activation of caspases or apoptosis induced by BMP -2 , indicating that the BMP -2 - inducedapoptosis was independent ... cytochrome c into the cytosol. Subsequently, BMP -2 increased caspase-9 and caspase-3, -6 , and -7 activity. Inhibition of caspase-9 activity suppressed BMP -2 - induced apoptosis. However, over-expression ... the BMP -2 - induced increase in the Bax/Bcl -2 ratio, caspaseactivity, and apoptosis. In contrast, the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H89, thep38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580, and the...

Biochemical, Genetic, and Molecular Interactions in Development - part 6 docx

... (arrows). B, Low-power photomicrograph of a sintered porous hydroxy- Molecular Signals in Bone Induction 21 9 23 2 Di Nino and Linsenmayer 24 2 Di Nino and LinsenmayerFGF -2 FGF -2 produced negative ... depending on the experimental design, can (1) main-tain the integrity of the anlagen and the inherent cell and tissue interactions involved in its normal development, (2) allow for analysis of interactions ... osteoclast-like cells. J. Immunol. 137, 3544–3549.1 02. Kurihara, N. and Roodman, G. D. (1990) Interferons-_ and -a inhibit interleukin-1`-stimulated osteoclast-like cellformation in long-term human...

Biochemical, Genetic, and Molecular Interactions in Development - part 7 docx

... changes in bone modeling and remodeling in response to loading and unloading are initiated byan internal mechanostat that is able to sense strain. In this view, changes in bone remodeling occur in response ... integrin–cytoskeletal system, several membrane proteins may be responsive to strain and mechanical forces. Long-lasting (L-type) voltage-sensitive channels are involved in the influx ofCa 2+ into ... Muller, P., and Rychly, J. (20 02) The mode of mechani-cal integrin stressing controls intracellular signaling in osteoblasts. J. Bone Miner. Res. 17, 603–611.61. Ajubi, N. E., Klein-Nulend, J.,...

Biochemical, Genetic, and Molecular Interactions in Development - part 8 pps

... development of vitamin D analogs with bone anabolic effects has come into focus (27 1). A few recent examplesare ED-71 (27 2 ,27 3), RO -2 6-9 22 8 (27 4), 26 ,27 -hexafluoro-1 ,2 5-( OH)2D3 (27 5), and 2- methylene-19-nor- (20 S)1 ,2 5-( OH) 2 D3 (27 6). ... PGE 2 -induced cAMP and inositol trisphosphate accumulation (25 4) and cal-cium influx (25 5), PGF 2 _-induced PGE 2 synthesis (25 6), and PGF 2 _ or PGE1 - induced interleukin-6synthesis (25 7).As ... upregulated VDR in osteoblasts and modulated 1 ,2 5-( OH) 2 D3activity (189 ,22 3 ,22 4 ,22 7 ,25 0 ,25 1). PTH and 1 ,2 5-( OH) 2 D3regulate bone resorption in an interrelatedmanner in which prostaglandins appear...

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Biochemical, Genetic, and Molecular Interactions in Development - part 10 doc

... factorregulation,interferon-a, 20 3, 20 4interleukin-1, 20 2interleukin-4, 20 2interleukin-6, 20 2, 20 3interleukin-11, 20 3macrophage colony-stimulatingfactor, 20 0, 20 1osteoprotegerin, 20 1RANKL, 20 0transforming ... regulators,overview, 22 9 23 1differentiation, 22 9negative regulation effectors ofcartilage growth,FGF -2 , 24 2overview, 24 0, 24 1retinoic acid, 24 2, 24 4, 24 6transforming growthfactor-`1, 24 4, 24 6organ ... formation and growth,apatatic mineralizationcomparisons, 28 7 29 0calvaria bone, 28 4 28 6circumpulpal dentine,crystal growth, 28 1, 28 2crystal structure, 28 2 28 4enamel, 28 6, 28 7energy-filtering...

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