... 2011 FEBSREVIEW ARTICLEMolecular basis of glyphosate resistance – differentapproaches through protein engineering Loredano Pollegioni1,2, Ernst Schonbrunn3and Daniel Siehl41 Dipartimento ... resistance to glyphosate as obtained through natural diversity, the gene-shuffling approach to molecular evolu-tion, and a rational, structure-based approach to protein engineering. Inaddition, we offer ... morefavorable for activity against glyphosate. The remain-ing 17 substitutions are distributed throughout thesequence. The 10 mutations at the surface are allhydrophilic substitutions that...