[...]... interactions and rock engineering systems 14.3 Additional points 23 1 23 1 15 Excavation principles 15.1 Rock excavation 15 .2 Questions and answers: excavation principles 15.3 Additional points 24 7 24 7 25 0 26 2 16 Rock reinforcement and rock support 26 5 26 5 16.1 The stabilization system 16 .2 Questions and answers: rock reinforcement and rock support 16.3 Additional points 21 7 22 8 23 4 24 4 26 7 28 1 Contents... 193 12. 1 Rock mass parameters and classificationschemes 12. 2 Questions and answers: rock mass classification 12. 3 Additional points 193 194 21 2 13 Rock dynamics and time dependency 13.1 Strain rates 13 .2 Questions and answers: rock dynamics and time dependency 13.3 Additional points 21 5 21 5 14 Rock mechanics interactions and rock engineering systems 14.1 Interactions 14 .2 Questions and answers: rock. .. S S S t I U ucs V W x , yt z xbar Xbar Z 2 Name of SI unit SI unit Dimensions of unit m s-l kg s - ~ m -2 kg s - ~ LT-' m L MT -2 L-2MT -2 pascal, Pa pascal, Pa N m -2, m-' kg L-'MT -2 N m -2, m-' kg s - ~ L-'MT -2 pascal, Pa N m -2, m-' kg s - ~ L-'MT -2 L3T-' m3 s-l m L lacsap, Pa-' lacsap, Pa-' N-' m2,m kg-' s2 LM-'T2 N-' m2,m kg-' s2 LM-'T2 pascal, Pa m m m N m -2, m-' kg s - ~ L L L L-'MT-* m kg m L LMT-~... rocks and rock masses Engineering rock mechanics is the study of the statics and dynamics of rocks and rock masses in anticipation of the results being applied to engineering Rock engineering involves engineering with rocks, especially the construction of structures on or in rock masses, and includes the design process Structural geology deals with the description and analysis of the structure of rock. .. e.g.F Symbols in Latin or Greek should be in italic form, e.g.x Part A: IIIustrat ive worked examples Questions and Answers - 7 Introduction 1.1 The subject of engineering rock mechanics The term engineering rock mechanics is used to describe the engineering application of rock mechanics to civil, mining, petroleum and environmental engineering circumstances The term mechanics, means the study of... applied to engineering Soil mechanics is the study of the statics and dynamics of soils Geutechnicul engineering is the process of engineering with rocks and/or soils’ 41 .2 Explain the fundamental purposes of excavation in civil engineering, mining engineering, and petroleum engineering C v l engineering It is the rock opening, the space resulting from ii excavation, that is required in civil engineering. .. dynamics l Thus, rock mechanics is the study of mechanics applied to rock and rock masses Engineering rock mechanics’ is this study within an engineering context, rather than in the context of natural processes that occur in the Earth‘s crust, such as folding and faulting The term rock engineering refers to the process of engineering with rock, and especially to creating structures on or in rock masses,... between rock mechanics’ and rock engineering When rock mechanics’ is studied in isolation, there is no specific engineering objective The potential collapse of a rock mass is neither good nor bad: it is just a mechanical fact However, if the collapsing rock mass is in the roof of a civil engineering cavern, there is an adverse engineering connotation Conversely, if the collapsing rock mass is part. .. 1 .2 Questions and answers: introduction In this introductory chapter, there are five questions concerned with the nature of engineering rock mechanics In all subsequent chapters there are ten questions Q l 1 Define the following terms: rock mechanics; 0 engineering rock mechanics; 6 lntroduction rock engineering; structural geology; engineering geology; soil mechanics; geotechnicalengineering A1.l Rockmechanics...viii Contents 89 7 Fractures and hemisphericalprojection 7.1 Natural, pre-existing fractures 7 .2 Questions and answers: fractures and hemispherical projection 7.3 Additional points 100 115 8 Rock masses: deformability, strength and failure 8.1 The nature of rock masses 8 .2 Questions and answers: rock masses 8.3 Additional points 117 117 122 138 9 Permeability 9.1 Permeability of intact rock and rock . 122 138 141 141 144 157 159 159 161 1 72 175 175 176 1 92 193 193 194 21 2 21 5 21 5 21 7 22 8 23 1 23 1 23 4 24 4 24 7 24 7 25 0 26 2. s-~ L-' m -2 N m -2, m-' kg ss2 L-' MT -2 N m -2, m-I kg s-* L-1MT -2 N m -2, m-I kg s-~ L-LMT -2 m2 L2 N m -2, m-I kg m L