... 18OpportunitiestoReduceGreenhouseGasEmissions through Materials and LandManagementPractices September2009SECTION3POTENTIALGHGREDUCTIONS THROUGH MATERIALS AND LANDMANA GEMENTMaterials and landmanagementdirectly and indirectlyimpact58‐62%oftotalU.S.GHGemissions, and, therefore,providemanyopportunitiestoreduceGHGemissions.Thissectionpresentssomeexamplesofmaterials and landmanagementapproachesthatcouldresultinsignificantemissionreductions.REDUCINGGHGEMISSIONS THROUGH MATERIALSMANAGEMENTPRACTICESMaterialsmanagementisatermthatdescribeshowmaterialsaremanagedastheyflow through theeconomy—fromresourceextractiontoproductdesign and manufacture,transport,use,reuse,recycling, and endoflife(seeFigure6).Takingasystemsviewoftheimpactsmaterialshavethroughouttheirlifecycleallowsforanalysistoanswerquestionssuchas:Whereinthematerialslife ... REDUCINGORAVOIDINGGHGEMISSIONS THROUGH LANDMANAGEMENTPRACTICESLandmanagementdescribeshowwemanage and uselandtoprovideopenspace and habitat,food,naturalresources, and placesforpeopletolive,work, and recreate.EPApromotesintegratedlandmanagementstrategiesthatuselandasproductively and sustainablyaspossiblebypromotingsmartgrowth,preventing and minimizingtheoccurrenceofcontamination and bycleaningup,reusing, and restoringcontaminatedlandforbeneficialreusebycommunities.67AsdescribedinBox7,landmanagementhasthreekeycomponents:landprotection,sustainablelanduse, and landrevitalization.Similartothematerialsmanagementapproachesthatcanbeusedinthematerialflow,landmanagementapproachescanbeusedtoreduceGHGemissionsbyimprovingpracticeswithinoracrosseachofthesecomponents.Landprotectionpracticeslimithowmuchlandiscontaminatedeachyear.Whenlandiscontaminated,itshouldbecleaneduptolevelsprotectiveofhumanhealth and theenvironment.Land ... TheProvisionofFoodsliceofthepiechartrepresentsemissionsassociatedwithfoodproduction,processing,transport, and disposal, and iscomposedofaportionofemissionsfromalleconomicsectorsexceptResidential.Itincludesdirectemissionsfromagriculturalsources,agriculturalsectorelectricityuse,transportoffood‐relatedproducts(freight),wastewatertreatment(exceptforemissionsfrompulp and papermanufacturing and ethanolproduction),theconsumptionoffuel and electricityinfood and beverageprocessing,leaksofhydrofluorocarbons(HFCs)fromrefrigerationequipment, and composting.Carbonsequestrationonagriculturallandsiscapturedinthelandsinkdiscussedbelow.ProvisionofFoodisestimatedtoaccountfor895MMTCO2E,or13%,of2006U.S.GHGemissions.42NotethattheU.S.GHGemissionspresentedinFigures1 through 5representemissionsthatarereleaseddomestically.Emissionsassociatedwithgoods and servicesthatareproducedinothercountries(i.e.,emissionsassociatedwithextractionofrawmaterials,processing, and productionofgoods and servicesoutsidetheUnitedStates)butconsumedintheUnitedStatesarenotcapturedintheU.S.Inventory, and thereforearenotreflectedhere.Correspondingly,theemissionsassociatedwithgoods and servicesproducedintheUnitedStatesthatareexportedforconsumptioninothercountriesareincluded.ManymaterialsmanagementstrategiesreduceemissionsfromproductionofgoodsoutsidetheUnitedStates,butthosepotentialreductionsarenotreflectedinthisdocument.IfU.S.emissionswerecalculatedusingatotallifecycleperspective,basedongoods and servicesconsumedratherthanproducedintheUnitedStates,theemissionsassociatedwithmaterialsmanagementwouldbegreaterthanisshownduetothelargequantityofgoodsthatareimported.43LandManagementThesystems‐basedviewalsohelpsconveytheeffectlandmanagementhasonU.S.GHGemissions.ThelandmanagementportionofthepiechartshowninFigure4representstheemissions and sinksassociatedwithlandmanagementactivitiesintheUnitedStates,includingemissions and sinksassociatedwiththepreservationofgreenfields and changestolanduse and landmanagement,includinglanddevelopment,reuse, and restoration....