... others became discouraged and reverted to the traditional teacher-centered instructional paradigm, which was a loss both for them and for their students (Kagan, 199 1, Sapon-Shevin, 199 1). The above-mentioned ... Johnson and Smith ( 199 1) warn us that only under certain conditions can we expect cooperative efforts to be productive. The follow table is provided to help distinguish between traditional and cooperative ... (Slavin, 198 5). Another limitation of cooperative learning lies in the differences of opinion regarding encouraging conflict or achieving consensus among group members (Tsai, 199 8). There...