history of computer based control systems

The Effectiveness of Computer Based Interactive Oral Health Education docx

... development The educational component of the programme was based on the correct identification of images of healthy and unhealthy foods. The correct selection of the healthy food would be rewarded ... working on the computer. Where the level of verbal interaction is normal, even when children work on their own on the computer they often engage in “self-talk” which is talking to the computer explaining ... satisfaction of success and the enjoyment of participation. Liberman, (2006) conducted a study of children from age six to eleven and found that 49 of 50 preferred learning using interactive computer...

schaum's outline of feedback and control systems

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... not part of the control loop of this servomechanism. The output of each of these sources is a constant function of time, and can be accounted for in the mathematical description of the input ... 2.4 BLOCK DIAGRAMS OF DISCRETE-TIME (SAMPLED-DATA, DIGITAL) COMPONENTS, CONTROL SYSTEMS, AND COMPUTER- CONTROLLED SYSTEMS A discrete-time (sampled-data or digital) control system was defined ... OUTLINE OF THEORY AND PROBLEMS OF FEEDBACK and CONTROL SYSTEMS Second Edition CONTINUOUS (ANALOG) AND DISCRETE (DIGITAL) JOSEPH J. DISTEFANO, 111, Ph.D. Departments of Computer...

design of distillation column control systems

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... 16 Liquid Level Control 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Level Control of Simple Vessels 16.3 Level Control of Overhead Condenser Receiver Via Top- 16.4 Level Control of Overhead Condenser ... pressure control via manipulation of inert gas and vent valves Reduction of signal flow diagram of Figure 17.7 Signal flow diagram for column pressure control via manipulation of inert ... variables listed may also exert control on five or six other valves. To provide automatic control of this sort, we make extensive use of “variable configuration” controls that are usually...

Báo cáo hóa học: " Research Article Stabilization of Discrete-Time Control Systems with Multiple State Delays" doc

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... Lyapunov sense.The stabilization of control systems is one of the most important properties of the systems and has been studied widely by many reseachers in control theory; see, e.g., 1–11 ... discrete-time systems, ” IEEETransactions on Automatic Control, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 903–907, 1996.12 E. N. Chukwu, Stability and Time-Optimal Control of Hereditary Systems, vol. 188 of Mathematics ... Journal of Control, vol. 74, no. 6, pp. 547–551, 2001.9 F. Alabau and V. Komornik, “Boundary observability, controllability, and stabilization of linearelastodynamic systems, ” SIAM Journal on Control...

A textbook of Computer Based Numerical and Statiscal Techniques part 62 docx

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... 6Value of the integral is: 1.3571 598 COMPUTER BASED NUMERICAL AND STATISTICAL TECHNIQUESEnter the value of y2 – 392Enter the value of y3 – 1452Enter the value of y4 – 2366Enter the value of ... exit”);getch();}OUTPUTEnter the no. of term –5Enter the value in form of x–Enter the value of x1 – 5Enter the value of x2 – 7Enter the value of x3 – 11Enter the value of x4 – 13Enter the value of x5 – 17Enter ... h/3Step 11. Print outputStep 12. End of the program and start of section func COMPUTER PROGRAMMING IN ‘C’ LANGUAGE601s = s3*(h/3);printf(“the exact value of the function = %f”, s);getch();}OUTPUTEnter...

A textbook of Computer Based Numerical and Statiscal Techniques part 1 ppt

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... pageintentionally leftblank A TEXTBOOK OF COMPUTER BASED NUMERICALANDSTATISTICAL TECHNIQUESAnju Khandelwal M.Sc., Ph.D.Department of MathematicsSRMS College of Engineering &Technology, BareillyU.P. ... present book Computer Based Numerical and Statistical Techniques’ is primarily writtenaccording to the unified syllabus of Mathematics for B. Tech. II year and M.C.A. I year students of all Engineering ... the inspiration given by them to undertake and complete thisproject.AUTHORS A TEXTBOOK OF COMPUTER BASED NUMERICALANDSTATISTICAL TECHNIQUES ...

A textbook of Computer Based Numerical and Statiscal Techniques part 2 ppsx

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... type of error. The study of this type of error is usually associated with the problem of convergence.4. Absolute Error: Absolute error is the numerical difference between the true value of aquantity ... x∂∂ ∂δ=δ +δ + +δ∂∂ ∂. 2 COMPUTER BASED NUMERICAL AND STATISTICAL TECHNIQUESbe cut-off to a manageable size such as 0.29, 0.286, 0.2857, etc. The process of cuttingoff super-flouts digits and ... known as rounding offa number or we can say that process of dropping unwanted digits is called rounding-off.Number are rounded-off according to the following rules:To round-off the number to...

A textbook of Computer Based Numerical and Statiscal Techniques part 3 ppsx

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... time of vibration of a pendulum should bemeasured in order that the computed value of g is correct to 0.01%.Sol. Period of vibration T is given by T = π2lg, where l is the length of pendulum.Therefore, ... 0.000202 ì 299446 60So, true value of the product of the given numbers lies between299446 – 60 = 299386 And 299446 + 60 = 299506.Hence the mean of these values is +=299386 2995062994462which ... numbers, Relative Error = δδδδ≤++ +1212 nnxxxXXx x x 6 COMPUTER BASED NUMERICAL AND STATISTICAL TECHNIQUESUsing the principle of equal effects, which states 1212XXxxxx∂∂δ=δ∂∂...

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A textbook of Computer Based Numerical and Statiscal Techniques part 4 ppt

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... 0.25]14. Find the number of terms in the series expansion of the function f(x) = cos x , such thattheir sum gives the value of cos x correct to five decimal places for all values of x in therange ... the number of terms, such that their sum yields the value of ex correct to 8 decimal places atx = 1. ERRORS AND FLOATING POINT17Example 30. The error in the measurement of area of a circle ... b, c, andA such that the area of ∆ABC may be determined nearest to a square centimeter.Sol. Let area of the ∆ABC be given by,X = 1sin2bc A 16 COMPUTER BASED NUMERICAL AND STATISTICAL...

A textbook of Computer Based Numerical and Statiscal Techniques part 5 ppsx

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... equations of degree n may be written.(3) Rounding errors are negligible as compared to methods based on closed form solutions.2.3 ORDER (OR RATE) OF CONVERGENCE OF ITERATIVE METHODSConvergence of ... there is a root of f(x) = 0, lying between a and b. Letthe first approximation be x1 = 12 (a + b) (i.e., average of the ends of the range).Now of f(x1) = 0 then x1 is a root of f(x) = 0. ... number of significant digits in each approximation increases k times.2.4 BISECTION (OR BOLZANO) METHODThis is one of the simplest iterative method and is strongly based on the property of intervals....

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A textbook of Computer Based Numerical and Statiscal Techniques part 6 pptx

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... root of 3() 1 0fx x x=−−= up to three places of decimals is 1.325,which is of desired accuracy.Example 2. Find the root of the equation x3 – x – 4 = 0 between 1 and 2 to three places of ... formula of step 2.Step 4: Stop evaluation when the difference of two successive values of x1 obtained fromstep 2, is numerically less than the prescribed accuracy.2.4.2 Order of Convergence of ... theapproximate value of the root of f(x) = 0 up to two decimal places is 0.66.Example 4. Perform five interactions of Bisection method to obtain the smallest positive root of equation3() 5...

A textbook of Computer Based Numerical and Statiscal Techniques part 7 potx

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... x3 and x4 are approximately the same upto four places of decimal, hence the requiredroot of the given equation is 1.4036. 48 COMPUTER BASED NUMERICAL AND STATISTICAL TECHNIQUESUsing these ... (5)In order to find the order of convergence, it is necessary to find a formula of the type ei + 1 = Aeki with an appropriate value of k. (6)With the help of (6), we can writeei= Ae1ki− ... root of the equation f(x) = x3 – 2x – 5 = 0 by the method of false positionup to three places of decimal.Sol. Given that f(x)= x3 – 2x – 5 = 0So that f(2) = (2)3 – 2(2) – 5 = – 1 46COMPUTER...

A textbook of Computer Based Numerical and Statiscal Techniques part 8 doc

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... x1 = 1.80Using method of Falsi Position, ()()()1020 010xxxx fxfx fx−=−−= 1.79 – ()1.80 1.790.0546610.032 0.054661−−+= 1.796307 62 COMPUTER BASED NUMERICAL AND STATISTICAL ... Rate of Convergence of Iteration MethodLet f(x) = 0 be the equation which is being expressed as x = g(x). The iterative formula for solvingthe equation isxi +1= g(xi)If a is the root of ... definition, the rate of convergence of iteration method is 1. In other words,iteration method converges linearly.Example 1. Find a real root correct upto four decimal places of the equation 2x...

A textbook of Computer Based Numerical and Statiscal Techniques part 9 docx

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... 66 COMPUTER BASED NUMERICAL AND STATISTICAL TECHNIQUESPutting i = 2 in (1) x3 = 0.02439Therefore reciprocal of 41 is 0.0244.Example 8. Find the square root of 20 correct to ... < ε, where ε is the prescribed accuracy.2.7.2 Order (or Rate) of Convergence of Newton-Raphson MethodLet α be the actual root of equation f(x) = 0 i.e., f(a) = 0. Let xn and xn+1 be two ... 1.442Values of x7 and x8 indicate that the root is 1.44 correct to two decimal places.PROBLEM SET 2.31. Use the method of Iteration to find a positive root between 0 and 1 of the equationxex...

A textbook of Computer Based Numerical and Statiscal Techniques part 10 ppt

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... ()()++=551441424042.99240552.99xx 80 COMPUTER BASED NUMERICAL AND STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES2.8.2 Rate or Order of Convergence of Secant MethodOn substituting ợồ=+nnx, etc. in ... 1.915 + 1.908i 78 COMPUTER BASED NUMERICAL AND STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES= ()4 238.977 240399.627+ = 2.9925Hence, the required value of (240)1/5 correct to three places of decimal is 2.993.Example ... Find the four places of decimal, the smallest root of the equation e–x = sin x. [Ans. 0.5885]3. Find the cube root of 10. [Ans. 2.15466]4. Show that the square roots of N = AB is given by...