... NK cells and activated T-cells in response to virus-infected cells [25] Both types of IFNs achieve their antiviral effects by binding to their respective receptors (IFN-α/β or IFN-γ receptors), ... Effect of IFN-α, IFN-β and/ or IFN-γ on HCMV plaque formation Treatment Vehicle IFN-α IFN-α IFN-β IFN-β IFN-γ IFN-γ IFN-α and IFN-β IFN-α and IFN-γ IFN-β and IFN-γ IFN-α, IFN-β and IFN-γ IU/mla Log ... activates inflammatory cytokine responses via CD14 and Toll-like receptor J Virol 2003, 77:4588-4596 Sainz B Jr, Halford WP: Alpha/ Beta interferon and gamma interferon synergize to inhibit the replication...
... NK cells and activated T-cells in response to virus-infected cells [25] Both types of IFNs achieve their antiviral effects by binding to their respective receptors (IFN-α/β or IFN-γ receptors), ... Effect of IFN-α, IFN-β and/ or IFN-γ on HCMV plaque formation Treatment Vehicle IFN-α IFN-α IFN-β IFN-β IFN-γ IFN-γ IFN-α and IFN-β IFN-α and IFN-γ IFN-β and IFN-γ IFN-α, IFN-β and IFN-γ IU/mla Log ... activates inflammatory cytokine responses via CD14 and Toll-like receptor J Virol 2003, 77:4588-4596 Sainz B Jr, Halford WP: Alpha/ Beta interferon and gamma interferon synergize to inhibit the replication...
... IO: An immunohistochemical examination of the expression of E-cadherin, alpha- and beta/ gamma-catenins, and alpha2 - and beta1 -integrins in invasive breast cancer J Pathol 1999, 187:523-529 Dillon ... breast cancer Br J Cancer 2001, 85:1958-1963 Bukholm IK, Nesland JM, Karesen R, Jacobsen U, Borresen-Dale AL: E-cadherin and alpha- , beta- , and gamma-catenin protein expression in relation to metastasis ... invasion and degradation of surrounding matrix, and migration into the vasculature and surrounding tissue, E-cadherin catenin complex is reintroduced and cells adhere to the vasculature and form...
... pg/well) and the intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were less than 7% and 9% respectively The progesterone detection limit was 12 pg/tube (60 pg/ well), and the intra- and inter-assay ... conceived the study, participated in its design and coordination, statistical analysis and interpretation of data and drafted the manuscript FLB, SF and DM read and approved the final manuscript CP died ... JP: Analysis of the roles of RGD-binding integrins, alpha( 4) /alpha( 9) integrins, alpha( 6) integrins, and CD9 in the interaction of the fertilin beta (ADAM2) disintegrin domain with the mouse egg...
... recognized by other receptors For example, vertebrate steroid hormone receptors (such as GRs, mineralcorticoid receptors, progesterone receptors and androgen Arthropod nuclear receptors receptors) bind ... create the hydrophobic ligand-binding pocket Several differences are evident when comparing unliganded and ligand-bound receptors [16] Ligand binding to the receptor (holo -receptor) occurs through ... (NRs) and cofactors, and then summarize the study of arthropod ecdysteroid receptors, including sequences, functions, ligand-binding characteristics and the application of ligand receptor complexes...
... an extracellular "decoy receptor" , antagonizing flRAGE and other receptors by binding DAMPs and other ligands and inhibiting leukocyte recruitment in a variety of acute and chronic inflammatory ... protein families that readily form aggregates and oliogmers – Amyloid beta peptide, Collagen, and AGEs RAGE and Abeta The Amyloid -beta peptide (Abeta) is a peptide most commonly of 40 or 42 amino ... Conclusion RAGE and its ligands play essential roles in inflammation, neurobiology, cancer, and numerous other conditions Each ligand distinctly activates RAGE and contributes to the innate and adaptive...
... T-cell receptor (TR) plays a central role in the immune response, interacting with peptide antigens (Ags) and with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules TR alpha (TRA) andbeta subunits ... contributions FS, and AS have made substantial contribution in the acquisition and alignment of sequences, in the analysis and interpretation of data, and helped to draft the manuscript LC, BP, PGN, and PN, ... Bodmer HC, McMichael AJ, Bell JI: Extensive conservation of alphaandbeta chains of the human T-cell antigen receptor recognizing HLA-A2 and influenza A matrix peptide Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991,...
... envelope sequence comparison and coreceptor usage HIV-1 envelope sequence comparison and coreceptor usage HIV-1 envelope gene was amplified from infected individuals and subjected to sequencing ... regions are shown with their accession numbers, their subtype assignment and possible co -receptor usage Dots in the sequence indicate identity with consensus C, B, 02_AG and A sequences; asterisk ... envelope showed exclusive use of CCR5 co -receptor [11] It is important to note that Samples A82 and C5 showed discrepancy in their predicted coreceptor usage and this is because the two programs...
... obtained and the standard streptavidin biotin peroxidase immunohistochemical method was used for the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors Estrogen receptor (Clone 1D5, Dako, USA) and ... the most common cerebellopontine angle tumor and represents 9% of all brain tumors (Figure 1) Expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors andtheir potential role in the progression of vestibular ... cerebellopontine angle tumor and it expresses various hormone receptors for examples estrogen, progesterone, androgen, somatostatin and glucocorticoid The clinical significance of these receptors is that...
... humans these include not only the receptorand accessory protein for IL-1, but also the IL-18 receptorand its accessory protein, and the long-sought signaling receptor for LPS, TLR4 [1,8] The ... and the type interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R1) complex AcP, accessory protein; Ig, immunoglobulin; MyD88, myeloid differentiation factor; R, receptor; TIR, Toll/IL-1 receptor (IL-1R1) This expanding ... Postreceptor signaling of the IL-1R is well understood Binding of the ligand causes receptor dimerization and, with involvement of IL-1RAP (an accessory protein), the intracellular part of the receptor...
... structure is not representative of all retroviral receptors, some of which, like the lentivirus CD4 receptorand the receptors for alpha- and betaretroviruses have single TM domains [99] Although ... silenced, and the Env glycoproteins of infectious recombinant P-MLVs have narrow receptor requirements and reduced receptor binding efficiency, these multiple mechanisms ensure their transmission and ... mice, MLVs can and cause disease in their natural hosts, and the induction of disease can involve X-MLVs and P-MLVs as well as E-MLVs Mouse strains carrying active Emvs, like AKR, HRS, and C58, have...
... has been described with asthma [8] and RSV bronchiolitis [9,10] IL8 binds with high affinity to two different receptors: IL8 receptoralpha (IL8RA, CXCR1) andbeta (IL8RB, CXCR2) These closely ... described with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [13] We were interested in the relationship between severe RSV infection and/ or bronchial asthma and IL8 and IL8RA polymorphisms ... polymorphisms (-251A/T and 781C/T) and three amino acid variants in IL8RA (M31R, S276T and R335C), which are located in the N-terminus of the protein, in the third extracellular loop and in the Cterminus...
... JJ012) and primary chondrosarcoma cell cultures (L869 and L835), and a positive control (ZR-75-1) were trypsinized and washed twice with cold PBS Cells were formalin-fixed over night and subsequently ... enzyme responsible for the conversion of androstenedione and androgens to estrogens, was expressed in 86% (38 out of 44) and 93% (25 out of 27) of the central and peripheral chondrosarcomas respectively ... aromatase inhibitors (anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane), and two estrogen -receptor antagonists/downregulators (4-hydroxytamoxifen and fulvestrant) and again no effect was shown in the Discussion...
... usually bind to multiple receptors and vice versa (the complex and promiscuous ligand -receptor relationships; Figure 1); and second, cluster chemokines Classification, clustering and gene duplication ... that chemokines andtheir receptors first arose as molecules controlling the transit of various cells within organisms simpler than mammals, and suggests that chemokines andtheir receptors have ... superfamily, arranged by the receptors they bind to Chemokines are represented by only their ligand number, and the receptor name also indicates whether each ligand is a CC or CXC; for example,...
... neurotrophic factors GDNF and NTN exert their effects through a multi-component receptor system consisting of the GDNF family receptoralpha (GFRα) and the co -receptor RET and/ or NCAM GDNF preferentially ... family of ligands (GDNF family of ligands, GFLs) Chapter Literatures review and receptors (GDNF family of receptors alpha, GFRα) in neuronal and non-neuronal systems 2.2 GDNF family of ligands (GFLs) ... ligands (GFLs) 2.3 GDNF family receptors _ 2.4 Alternatively spliced isoforms of GFRs andtheir co-receptors 14 2.5 GFRα2 and GFRα1 receptor...
... RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Selective modification of the primary and secondary hydroxyl groups of β-CD is complicated and very difficult to control because of statistical and steric problems D′Souza and ... isomers of disubstituted benzenes and stereoisomers of chiral compounds under both normal phase and reversed-phase conditions in HPLC and UHPLC The enantioselectivity and column efficiency for columns ... Ettre and K.I Sakodynskii, Chromatographia, 35 (1993) 329 (5) E Katz, R Eksteen, P Schoenmakers and N Miller, Handbook of HPLC, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 1998, ch (6) A.J.P Martin and R.L.M...
... tyrosine kinase is mediated by GDNFR -alpha, a novel receptor for GDNF Cell 85, 1113-24 Jing S, Yu Y, et al (1997) GFRalpha-2 and GFRalpha-3 are two new receptors for ligands of the GDNF family J Biol ... Fig GDNF-family ligand interaction with their receptors All GFLs activate RET tyrosine kinase via different GFRα receptors Solid arrows indicate the preferred functional ligand -receptor interactions, ... H, Hoffer B, Olson L (1997) Neurturin and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor -beta (GDNFR -beta) , novel proteins related to GDNF and GDNFR -alpha with specific cellular patterns...
... disinformation and propaganda – Deny service to legitimate computer users – Commit unauthorized intrusions into systems and networks that result in critical infrastructure outages and corruption ... malicious intent • Use their skills to expose security flaws Crackers • Person who violates system security with malicious intent • Have advanced knowledge of computers and networks and the skills to ... employees, and cyberterrorists • Password guessing is a basic attack that attempts to learn a user’s password by a variety of means • Cryptography uses an algorithm and keys to encrypt and decrypt...
... evaluate the predictors of clinical and pathological characteristics in these patients with steatosis andtheir diagnostic values in hepatic fibrosis Patients and methods Patients A total of 204 ... steatosis (83 men and 23 women, mean age: 41.08±10.23 years) and the remaining 98 patients were excluded from hepatic steatosis (79 men and 19 women, mean age 39.4±9.81 years) Their diagnoses were ... activity), and G3 (severe activity) All the sections were blindly and independently assessed by pathologists and the results were processed by the Kappa concordance test The inter- and intra-observer...