... katakana katakana-kanji kanji-hiragana hiragana kanji-katakana kat akana-symbol-katakana number kanji-hiragana-kanji alphabet kanji-hir agana-kanji-hir agana hiragana-kanji percent 45.1% ... using aStatisticalModelofMorphologyandContext Masaaki NAGATA NTT Cyber Space Laboratories 1-1 Hikari-no-oka Yokosuka-Shi Kanagawa, 239-0847 Japan nagata@nttnly, isl. ntt. co. jp Abstract ... words and Japanese words semantically equivalent to Chinese characters. Hiragana and katakana are syllabaries: The former is used primarily for gram- matical function words, such as particles and...
... Workshop, Uppsala, Sweden.Franz J. Och and Hermann Ney. 2003. A systematiccomparison of various statistical alignment models.Computational Linguistics, 29(1).Hassan Sajjad, Alexander Fraser, and Helmut ... usesHidden Markov Models (Nabende, 2010; Darwish,2010; Jiampojamarn et al., 2010), Finite State Au-tomata (Noeman and Madkour, 2010) and Bayesianlearning (Kahki et al., 2011) to learn transliterationpairs ... systemlearns this as a non-transliteration but it is wronglyannotated as a transliteration in the gold standard.Arabic nouns have an article “al” attached to themwhich is translated in English as...
... relevant answers that an exact-matching model fails to retrieve because of lack of robustness, and the relevant answers that a non-structured model fails because of lack of structural specification. ... IAI-TR-99-12,University of Bonn. A Ranking Modelof Proximal and Structural Text RetrievalBased on Region AlgebraKatsuya MasudaDepartment of Computer Science, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology,University ... TREC-8, pages 151–161.Airi Salminen and Frank Tompa. 1994. Pat expressions:an algebra for text search. Acta Linguistica Hungar-ica, 41(1-4):277–306.Anja Theobald and Gerhard Weilkum. 2000. Addingrelevance...
... probabilistic Combinatory CategorialGrammar (CCG) framework, and assume onlythat the learner has access to a small set of generalcombinatory schemata anda functional mappingfrom semantic ... (1992)Sakas and Fodor (2001), and Yang (2002). Theseall evaluate their learners on the basis ofa smallnumber of predefined syntactic parameters.Finally, our work addresses a misunderstand-ing about ... syntactic properties of the words in theinput along with a parsing model. We usethe CCG grammatical framework and train a non-parametric Bayesian modelof parsestructure with online variational...
... cellular modelof Parkinson’s disease pathogenesisTiziana Alberio1, Alessandra Maria Bossi2, Alberto Milli2, Elisa Parma1, Marzia Bruna Gariboldi1,Giovanna Tosi3, Leonardo Lopiano4 and ... biochemical alterationsassociated with the interplay of cytosolic dopamine and increased a- synuc-lein are still unclear. Catecholaminergic SH-SY5Y human neuroblastomacells are a suitable model ... kinase, 60Sacidic ribosomal protein P2 (RPLP2), eukaryoticinitiation factor 5A (eIF 5A) , parathymosin, L7 ⁄L12,annexin A2 , annexin A5 , aldolase A, fascin 1 and peroxyredoxin 1] displayed quantitative...
... Systems Modelling Data-base and can be accessed at http://jjj.biochem.sun.ac.za/database/curien/index.html free of charge.Materials and methodsChemicalsATP, Hepes, homoserine, NADH, AdoMet, lactate ... can be calculated as follows: ELISA assays werecarried out using rabbit antibodies raised against therecombinant proteins [12,14] and purified proteins asstandards. We measured that an extract ... concentration of AdoMet with Jcystathioninedecreasing and JThrincreasing as the concentration of AdoMet wasincreased. Half changes in Jcystathionine and JThrareobtained for a concentration in AdoMet...
... baw:1, ahbaht:1, erbawd:1,bawd:1, ahbaad:1, ahpaat:1, bah:1, baht:1,ah:1, ahbahd:1, ehbaat:1, ahbaed:1, ihbaht:1,baot:1“wanna”waanah:94, waanih:37, wahnah:16, waan:13,wahneh:8, wahnih:5, wahney:3, ... waanlih:3,wehnih:2, waaneh:2, waonih:2, waaah:1,wuhnih:1, wahn:1, waantah:1, waanaa:1,wowiy:1, waaih:1, wah:1, waaniy:1Table 2: Empirical distribution of pronunciations of “about” and “wanna” ... early languageacquisition skills: Towards a general statistical learningmechanism. In Proceedings of the Student ResearchWorkshop at EACL.Armen Allahverdyan and Aram Galstyan. 2011. Compar-ative...
... considered in the contexts of transla-tion into (Hobbs and Kameyama, 1990; Kanayama,2003) and generation in Japanese (Bateman, 1988).Li and Yarowsky (2008) learn pairs of formal and informal constructions ... modelof formal and informal address in EnglishManaal FaruquiComputer Science and EngineeringIndian Institute of TechnologyKharagpur, Indiamanaalfar@gmail.comSebastian PadóInstitute of Computational ... parsers via syntactic projection across paralleltexts. Journal of Natural Language Engineering,11(3):311–325.Hiroshi Kanayama. 2003. Paraphrasing rules for au-tomatic evaluation of translation...
... one another, and should be handled separately. Each is relevant to a different component of a plan-based modelof reference: the data base, the planner, and the utterance generator, respectively. ... conventional meaning and a speaker's intentions in such cases, we cannot hope to construct an adequate modelof referring and language use in general. Finally, Donnellan's distinction ... 189 DONNELLAN'S DISTINCTION AND A COMPUTATIONAL MODELOF REFERENCE Amichai Kronfeld Artificial Intelligence Center SRI International and 333 Ravenswood Avenue Menlo Park, CA 94025 kronfeld~sri-warbucks...
... question-naire was also available in English, translated into Englishby a professional translator.Background variables: Demographic and disease related variablesDemographic variables included parental ... MB, Laporte A, Coyte PC: Labor market work and homecare's unpaid caregivers: a systematic review of labor forceparticipation rates, predictors of labor market withdrawal, and hours of work. ... proper-ties, validity and reliability, of the TAAQOL were satisfac-tory [26]. Overall physical and overall mental HRQoLwere assessed by aggregation of all TAAQoL scale scoresaccording to the algorithm...
... toxicity, as shown byserum analysis for biochemical markers of liver and kidney and the histological examination of hematoxylin and eosin stained major organs (Figure 5). Taking allthese data into ... Foundation of China (Nos. 2006ABC009 and JX 4A0 6).Author details1Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China.2Hubei Key Laboratory ... of infection; ELISA: enzyme-linkedimmunosorbant assay; TUNEL: terminal deoxynecleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling; ALT: alanine transaminase; AST: aspartateaminotransferase;...
... hyperalgesia The paw withdrawal latency (PWL) to radiant heat and paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) were used to evaluate thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical al-lodynia respectively as previously ... (MM-siRNA) (5’-GGCGUGUCUCUCU UACGAC-3”). SiRNAs targeting the cDNA sequence of rat TLR4 (GenBank accession NM_019178) were: 5’-CUACCAACAGAGAGGAUAU-3” (siRNA1), 5’-GUCUCAGAUAUCUAGAUCU-3’ (siRNA2), ... Sweden). Histone3 (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA, 1:500) was used as an internal control. Statistical analyses Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Statistical analyses were performed...
... subject and technician, with a range of scores for nausea of 0 to 16, for skin color of 0 to 8, for cold sweating of 0 to 8, salivation of 0 to 8, drowsiness of 0 to 8, and head-ache and dizziness ... in-cludes assessments of nausea, skin color, cold sweat-ing, increased salivation, drowsiness, headache, and dizziness with eyes open and closed. Severity of ab-normalities in each category are rated ... study, using a small number of subjects, we addressed the hypotheses that rizatriptan acts as a protective agent against visually-induced motion sickness in migraineurs and that rizatriptan interferes...