... involve a batch system rather than an interactive one. There would, therefore, be a trade-off between the ease of use of an interactive system and the speed and power ofa batch approach. Although ... between anaphor and antecedent. Co-reference means that anaphor and antecedent both refer to the same object. This explanation suffices for asentence llke: (i) I think green apples are best and ... are smaller, and act more locally. The neural circuitry of the cortex is, apart from some minor variations, remarkably consistent. Its dominant characteristics are Its parallelism, its large...
... not a TEMP-marked entry, as it was the case in the examples analyzed above, but it is a HEAD- or an ADV-marked entry, i.e. a noun or an adverb. A version of GEMS for one-clause Italian sentences ... lexical entry. We can now return to the markers contained in the lexical entries and explain the meaning of HEAD, TEMP, and ADV. As already noted, these are names of procedures that are executed ... is amodelof how to say something, not of what to say. When it arrives at a decision point on what to say, GEMS makes a random choice. Hence, GEMS is not a complete modelof the activity of...
... cellular modelof Parkinson’s disease pathogenesisTiziana Alberio1, Alessandra Maria Bossi2, Alberto Milli2, Elisa Parma1, Marzia Bruna Gariboldi1,Giovanna Tosi3, Leonardo Lopiano4 and ... biochemical alterationsassociated with the interplay of cytosolic dopamine and increased a- synuc-lein are still unclear. Catecholaminergic SH-SY5Y human neuroblastomacells are a suitable model ... (Bruker-Daltonik, Bremen,Germany). Capillary voltage was 1.5–2 kV anda dry gasflow rate of 10 LÆmin)1was used with a temperature of 230 °C. The scan range was 300–1800 m ⁄ z. The tandemmass spectra...
... Systems Modelling Data-base and can be accessed at http://jjj.biochem.sun.ac.za/database/curien/index.html free of charge.Materials and methodsChemicalsATP, Hepes, homoserine, NADH, AdoMet, lactate ... can be calculated as follows: ELISA assays werecarried out using rabbit antibodies raised against therecombinant proteins [12,14] and purified proteins asstandards. We measured that an extract ... concentration of AdoMet with Jcystathioninedecreasing and JThrincreasing as the concentration of AdoMet wasincreased. Half changes in Jcystathionine and JThrareobtained for a concentration in AdoMet...
... representational art, literature and film while modern dance, abstractart and classical music are rather low on this dimension. Situation and context arepresumably more important in opera and theatre and ... experiences.Several researchers have stated that understanding of an artwork results in anactivation of the rewarding centers in the brain (Maffei & Fiorentini, 1995; Zeki, 1999).Ramachandran and Hirstein ... stimuli.Specific for many forms of visual art is the combination of visual processing, extraction of meaning and resolution of ambiguity. We assume that classical, representational art and most kinds of sculptures...
... demographics. Focusing on the IV estimates, it can be seen that the birth weight of babies in rural areas is lower than that of urban babies, and that male infants are heavier than female infants.5 ... 1997; Victora et al., 2008). Thus, birth weight is not merely a measure of health of an infant, but is also an indicator of the infant’s potential for survival both as a child, and as an adult. ... Rosenzweig and Schultz (1982). Dow et al. (1999) find a strong effect of tetanus toxoid vaccination of mothers during pregnancy on birth weight in Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe using data from...
... and Magnac and Thesmar (2002) generalize these results to dynamic single-agent models. 6 Machado and Sinha (2007) develop an analytical modelof time-inconsistent smokers’ participation and ... Price Changes Structural models allow us to conduct a variety of counterfactual simulations (Chintagunta et al 2006). To understand the implications of addiction and stockpiling on manufacturer ... Dockner and Feichtinger (1993) and Orphanides and Zervos (1995) for two extensions. 4 See Waters and Sloan (1995) for an application to alcohol, Olekalns and Bardsley (1996) for caffeine, and Choo...
... paper we concentrated on the task of mor-phological analysis, given a lexicon and unanno-tated data. We showed that the tasks of tag pre-diction and lemmatization are strongly dependent and ... performance on complementary tasks.In EMNLP.Erwin Marsi Antal van den Bosch and Abdelhadi Soudi.2007. Memory-based morphological analysis and part- of- speech tagging of arabic. In Abdelhadi Soudi, ... izpraviaizpraviha verb main indicative 3rd person plural (VMIA3P), izpravia VMIA3P izpraviaTable 1: Examples of morphological analyses of words in English and Bulgarian.Latin characters. Here by “POS tags”...
... Prolog and Natural- Language Analysis. CSLI Lecture Notes, Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stan- ford, California, 1987. [12] E. Stabler. Avoid the pedestrian's paradox, ... a head), the status of that position (either A or A ), its ID (or location), and relevant features (such as L-marking, Case, and 0). If we adhere to the representational paradigm used above, ... its application to simple logic grammars [14], [13] and [8]. In particular, Johnson has developed a prototype parser for a fragment of a GB grammar [9]. The system consists ofa declara- tive...
... katakana katakana-kanji kanji-hiragana hiragana kanji-katakana kat akana-symbol-katakana number kanji-hiragana-kanji alphabet kanji-hir agana-kanji-hir agana hiragana-kanji percent 45.1% ... using a Statistical Modelof Morphology and Context Masaaki NAGATA NTT Cyber Space Laboratories 1-1 Hikari-no-oka Yokosuka-Shi Kanagawa, 239-0847 Japan nagata@nttnly, isl. ntt. co. jp Abstract ... words and Japanese words semantically equivalent to Chinese characters. Hiragana and katakana are syllabaries: The former is used primarily for gram- matical function words, such as particles and...
... Using a standard backoff trigram model as a default distribution, we built a class of exponential language models which use non- stationary features based on trigger words to allow the model ... Entropy and Bayesian Methods. Kluwer Aca- demic Publishers. DeLia Pietra, S., V. Della Pietra, and J. Lafferty. 1997. Inducing features of random fields. IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine ... this model as a mizture of a two-stage exponential and a uniform distribution: Thus, we can again apply the EM algorithm to de- termine the mixing parameter a. This is a standard application...
... relevant answers that an exact-matching model fails to retrieve because of lack of robustness, and the relevant answers that a non-structured model fails because of lack of structural specification. ... IAI-TR-99-12,University of Bonn. A Ranking Modelof Proximal and Structural Text RetrievalBased on Region AlgebraKatsuya MasudaDepartment of Computer Science, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology,University ... TREC-8, pages 151–161.Airi Salminen and Frank Tompa. 1994. Pat expressions:an algebra for text search. Acta Linguistica Hungar-ica, 41(1-4):277–306.Anja Theobald and Gerhard Weilkum. 2000. Addingrelevance...
... recurrent networks for natural language phonotacfics analysis. In searching for a cormectionist paradigm capable of natural language processing, many researchers have explored the Simple ... as Elman(1990), Cleermance(1993), Reilly(1995) and Lawrence(1996). SRNs have a context layer that keeps track of the past hidden neuron activations and enables them to deal with sequential ... from a static set of observations. This seems im- plausible, as interpretations are available at any point during comprehension. A second issue is 1Skepticism is a global parameter which 'weights'...
... one another, and should be handled separately. Each is relevant to a different component of a plan-based modelof reference: the data base, the planner, and the utterance generator, respectively. ... conventional meaning and a speaker's intentions in such cases, we cannot hope to construct an adequate modelof referring and language use in general. Finally, Donnellan's distinction ... 189 DONNELLAN'S DISTINCTION AND A COMPUTATIONAL MODELOF REFERENCE Amichai Kronfeld Artificial Intelligence Center SRI International and 333 Ravenswood Avenue Menlo Park, CA 94025 kronfeld~sri-warbucks...