First step with embedded systems

... First Steps Embedded Systems with ox40;gs&0x20)table();02A4 A02A6 B02A9 CByte Craft LimitedTable of ... not the name of another identifier. char firstLetter; firstLetter = 'a'; firstLetter = a; Example 17: Assigning a character value The first assignment in the example above places ... decimalInt = 32; // all octal values begin with 0 int octalInt = 040; // all hex values begin with 0x int hexadecimalInt = 0x20; // all binary values begin with 0b int binaryInt = 0b00100000;...

... severe in embedded systems than in desktop systems.  Embedded systems often have power constraints.  Embedded systems often must operate under extreme environmental conditions.  Embedded systems ... resources than desktop systems.  Embedded systems often store all their object code in ROM.  Embedded systems require specialized tools and methods to be efficiently designed.  Embedded microprocessors ... and fan combination are. Embedded systems must operate under extreme environmental conditions Embedded systems are everywhere. Everywhere means everywhere. Embedded systems must run in aircraft,...

... telephony as we understand it today began with the introduc- tion of the First Generation of cellular systems (1G systems) . The major difference between 1G systems and MTS/IMTS was the use of the ... primarily occupied either First Generation (1G) Cellular Systems 97 by FM radio or television systems. Lower frequencies are sometimes used by other systems, for example, maritime systems. † Despite ... began with the introduction of the first generation of cellular systems (1G systems) . Such systems served mobile telephone calls via analog transmission of voice traffic. Despite the fact that 1G systems...

... book will help you to get a grasp of the issues that embedded system designers must deal with on a daily basis. Knowing something about embedded systems will be a big help when you become a member ... or a recent graduate. Even if you aren’t studying embedded systems at UWB, reading this book can be important to your future career. Embedded systems is one of the largest and fastest growing ... is the how of software development in an embedded environment. I wrote this book to help an embedded software developer understand the issues that make embedded software development different...

... severe in embedded systems than in desktop systems.  Embedded systems often have power constraints.  Embedded systems often must operate under extreme environmental conditions.  Embedded systems ... resources than desktop systems.  Embedded systems often store all their object code in ROM.  Embedded systems require specialized tools and methods to be efficiently designed.  Embedded microprocessors ... and fan combination are. Embedded systems must operate under extreme environmental conditions Embedded systems are everywhere. Everywhere means everywhere. Embedded systems must run in aircraft,...

... The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems Using Assembly and C Second Edition Muhammad Ali Mazidi Janice Gillispie Mazidi Rolin ... University, TAIWAN Chung-Ping Young 楊中平 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems: Using Assembly and C Mazidi, Mazidi and McKinlay Department of Computer Science and ... and coding systems  Digital primer  Inside the computer Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Cheng Kung University, TAIWAN 3 HANEL NUMBERING AND CODING SYSTEMS...

... definitions (“a flow of meaningful messages” [Nona95], “data with meaning” [SpSp97], “data with relevance and purpose” [Dave97], and “data vested with meaning” [Choo et al. 00]) all have in common the ... share their knowledge [Bate05]. The first wave of Knowledge Management in this context was driven by top management with the aim to achieve a competitive advantage with the Knowledge Management. A ... solve a broad variety of requests without having to ask a specialist every time [Holl02]. 3.4 Ticket Systems A common tool for customer care processes are ticket systems [Grun04]. Other names for...

... 1Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Free Software tools for embedded systems Free Software tools for embedded systems Thomas Petazzoni / Michael OpdenackerFree Electronshttp://free­electrons.com/Created with OpenOffice.org 2.x24Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Scratchboxhttp://scratchbox.org/ ­ A cross­compiling toolkit projectMakes it easier to cross­compilea complete embedded Linux system.Works by allowing tools to be cross­compiled in a transparent way, making building tools believe they are doing a native compile job.Supported platforms: arm, x86Uses the qemu emulator to transparently run built arm binaries.Experimental support for ppc, mips and cris.10Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Honey, I shrunk the programs!C program ... 65Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Practical lab – BusyBoxTime to start Lab 2!Get familiar with BusyBox capabilities and configuration optionsConfigure BusyBox in a cross­compiling environmentCompile and test BusyBox66Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Free Software tools for embedded systems Tools for the target devicehttp and ssh servers67Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008ssh server and client: dropbearhttp://matt.ucc.asn.au/dropbear/dropbear.htmlVery small memory footprint ssh server for embedded systems Satisfies most needs. Both client and server!Size: 110 KB, statically compiled with uClibc on i386.(OpenSSH client and server: approx 1200 KB,dynamically compiled with glibc on i386)Useful to:Get a remote console on the target deviceCopy files to and from the target device (scp or rsync ­e ssh).68Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Benefits of a web server interfaceMany network enabled devices can just have a network interfaceExamples: modems / routers, IP cameras, printers ... No need to develop drivers and applications for computers connected to the device. No need to support multiple operating systems! Just need to develop static or dynamic HTML pages(possibly with powerful client­side JavaScript).Easy way of providing access to device information and parameters.Reduced hardware costs (no LCD, very little storage space needed)69Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008thttpdTiny/Turbo/Throttling HTTP serverhttp://acme.com/software/thttpd/SimpleImplements the HTTP/1.1 minimum (or just a little more)Simple to configure and run.SmallExecutable size: 88K (version 2.25b), Apache 2.0.52: 264KVery low memory consumption: does not fork and very careful about memory consumption.PortableCompiles cleanly on most Unix­like operating systems FastAbout as fast as full­featured servers. Much faster on very high loads (because reduces the server load for the same amount of work)SecureDesigned to protect the webserver machine from attacks.7Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Free Software tools for embedded systems C library for the target deviceC library options70Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Other web servers (1)BusyBox http server: http://busybox.netTiny: only adds 9 K to BusyBox 1.5 (dynamically linked with glibc on i386,  with all features enabled.)! Sufficient features for many devices with a web interface, including CGI, http authentication and script support (like PHP).License: GPLKLone: http://koanlogic.com/kl/cont/gb/html/klone.htmlLightweight but full featured web server for embedded systems. Can enclose dynamic (written in C/C++ <% code %>) and compressed content all in an executable of an approximate size of 150 KB.License: Dual GPL / Commercial.See also http://linuxdevices.com/news/NS8234701895.html71Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Other web servers (2)Boa: http://www.boa.org/Designed to be simple, fast and secure.Unlike thttpd, no particular care for memory or disk footprint though. Embedded systems:  pretty popular, though not targeted by developers.lighthttpd: http://lighttpd.netLow footprint server good at managing high loads.May be useful in embedded systems too.72Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Free Software tools for embedded systems Tools for the target deviceGraphical toolkits73Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Nano­X / Microwindowshttp://www.microwindows.org/License: Mozilla Public License. Allows proprietary applications.Very lightweight (< 100 KB) portable graphics library, running on Linux kernel framebuffer, X / Windows, SVGAlib and a few other systems. 2 APIs (C language)Win32 graphics device API: allows easy porting of Windows or WindowsCE programs.Nano­X API: small X server with Xlib­like APIAPI documentation, FAQs and tutorial on the project page.Limitation: lack of skin support.18Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008uClibc toolchainsFree Electrons uClibc toolchainshttp://free­electrons.com/community/tools/uclibcRun on i386 GNU/LinuxSupported platformsarm, armeb, i386, m68k, ppc, mips, mipsel, sh17Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp://free­electrons.comJan 24, 2008Get a precompiled toolchainCan get one from several locations...

... synchronise it with theactivity of a timer.To record the sound, we program the DMAC with the address of the A/D converter assource address. The target address is pointing to an internal buffer with ... and design [CY90, MO92, SS95]. UMLdiagrams are able to model complex software systems including real-time embedded systems. However, UML is not a software process. UML does not specify the different ... shows the main classes of the system andtheir relations, but it omits their interface.The first step in building the class diagram is identifying the objects involved in it.3.1 Identifying...