... differences in their meanings Aims of the study The aims of the study are: To find out the similarities and differences in the meanings of the four prepositions above, over, below and under Scope of the ... and learners in teaching and learning vocabulary, reading comprehension, and speaking Moreover, through the exploring the meanings of the four prepositions in the light of Cognitive Semantics, ... remarkable is the same as in case of above, that the lack of contact between the TR and the LM in spatial domain causes the lack of control or touch in abstract domain, or in the other words the TR...