... sallier@mac.com* Corresponding author Abstract Hepatitis < /b> C < /b> (HCV), < /b> hepatitis < /b> B (HBV), the human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV), and other viruses that replicate via RNA intermediaries, cause an ... when cloned intocommon HIV-1 backbones, conferred a spectrum of repli-cation kinetics and cytotropisms characteristic of the orig-inal Env clone, and independent of either the clones'ability ... envelope and polymerase function in swine fever, tobacco mosaic [34],brome mosaic [2] and other RNA viruses. Importantly,studies of the tobacco mosaic virus confirmed this effectto be host-independent...