... Ireland, Spain, Switzer-land and the US) have interest rates that have, on average, been lower than Taylor-implied rates over the sample period. In Finland, interest rates remained relativelylow ... the early 1980s and similarly to Fin-land, have remained consistently too low since 1999. In Switzerland and the US, rateswere generally too low in the late 1980s and early 1990s and again from ... 1990s.However, compared to IE and ES, the deviations from the Taylor implied interest rateswere rather moderate. Pairwise correlations of interest rate deviations are, on average,positive and significant...