... understanding ofthechemicalnatureof many ofthe substances that serve as signal molecules inthemarineenvironment and occupants of cell-surface receptors inthe internal environmentof metazoans ... SIGNALSINTHEMARINEENVIRONMENTThechemicalsignals encountered by organisms inmarine and other aquatic environments can be conceptually distributed among four categories They can be chemically ... direction of rotation ofthe bacterial flagellum and, thus, determines whether the cell is swimming or tumbling Other Che proteins are involved with adaptation, directly affecting the ability of the...
... date The rarity of PAL in bacteria may be explained by the infrequency of phenylpropanoids in these species The bacterial PALs seem to be involved in biosynthesis ofthe antibiotics enterocin by ... is involved inthe biosynthesis ofthe photoactive yellow protein chromophore of these bacteria The two recently discovered aminomutases, the phenylalanine 2,3-aminomutase (PAM) involved in taxol ... Constructing the ‘Tyr-loop-out’ variants ofthe bacterial PALs The ‘Tyr-loop -in models PlPALin and SmPALin were modified by replacing residues 50–85 (PlPALin) and 34–68 (SmPALin) with the corresponding...
... treatment of cells with insulin [25] Replacing its N-terminus with the N-terminal part of 4E-BP1 led to a marked increase in its phosphorylation (even inthe absence of insulin) Thus, it seems that the ... 17 residues of 4E-BP1 contain the RAIP motif To assess whether removal ofthe RAIP motif accounts for the reduced binding of raptor to the 18– 117 fragment, we compared the binding of raptor to ... decrease in basal phosphorylation at Thr36 ⁄ 45 and impaired the insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of these sites Next, we studied the importance ofthe arginine and proline residues within the RAIP...
... detected in human urine [13], indicating the formation of DNA AGEs inthe healthy human organism A significantly increased number of CEdGpositive cells were immunostained in glomeruli of patients ... days of incubation The cell number was determined by the total amount of 2¢-deoxyguanosine One half ofthe confluent HSC-T6 cells was harvested immediately and the other half after 14 days of incubation ... DNA of nongrowing cells, HSC-T6 cells were kept in minimal medium containing 1.5% fetal bovine serum for weeks The composition ofthe medium was adjusted to minimize growth and cell death during...
... estimate ofthe relative differences in abundance of a target inthe two samples can be obtained by comparing the ratio ofthe fluorescence intensities at the two wavelengths By always using the same ... with the aim of increasing productivity One such mechanism relies on the inhibition of dominant amplification m a r k e r s such as glutamine synthetase or adenosine deaminase by the addition of ... constructs in cell lines or transgenic mice offers the advantage of determining the function of regulatory elements after integration into the genome and assimilation into chromatin i p j Laybourn...
... domains 19 DNA-binding Domains In accord with the sequence and structure of DNA-binding domains, regulatory proteins are often grouped into class The goal function ofthe DNA-binding domain rules ... becoming a key focus of interest inthe gene expression area Many classes of DNA-binding domains have been described in eukaryotes [41] Some DNA-binding proteins not fit into any ofthe defined ... remodel the chromatin so that activators and the basal machinery can bind The mechanisms of remodeling contain changes inthe structure of chromatin and in modification of histones that in some...
... pH6.0; furthermore, these strains did not increase even at pH6.5 for 24 hours However, these strains increased at pH7.0 as S aureus On the other hand, the standard strain of C albicans increased ... (p
... stage inthe SC-CO2 treatment and the inactivation rate increased as the temperature increased The survival curves described by a rapid-to-slow two stage kinetics were in agreement with the findings ... selective inactivation of enzymes could result from a drop of internal pH ofthe microorganisms during the pressurized CO2 treatment The dissociation of dissolved CO2, present in large amounts inthe ... inactivating coliform bacteria in untreated water due to the increase inthe CO2/sample flow rate - 244 - Journal of Water and Environment Technology, Vol 7, No 4, 2009 The effect of temperature during...
... Isoprenoid quinones are used as coenzymes inthe electron transport chain for respiration of microorganisms The major type of quinone contained in each microorganism depends on the features ofthe microorganism ... biochemical knowledge or skills Thus, the quinone profiling has high affinity with analysts Moreover, quinone composition used in quinone profiling can achieve a qualitative evaluation ofthe ... was at the outlet point, the height of which was fixed during the observation period The water treatment apparatus was set just in front ofthe weir, and water levels inthe paddy field and the...
... derivatives are used in cosmetics, paints and coatings, lubricants and inthe food industry (Bódalo et al., 2005) They are useful chemical intermediates inthe synthesis of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals ... rate of 0.8 ml/min The oven temperature was programmed at 60 oC for 5min, followed by an increase (held for min), and finally at 100C/min to 280 oC (held for 10 min) The temperature ofthe FID ... detector (FID) The injection was conducted in split less mode at 250 C for 3min by using an inlet of 0.75 mm i.d to minimize peak broadening Chromatographic separations were performed by using DB-WAX...
... coli in vivo can be explained by their competitive inhibition at the ribosome-binding site [32] Together, the M and C domains of human eRF1, inthe absence ofthe N domain, are able to bind to the ... 1H,15N-HSQC spectra ofthe M domain of human eRF1 The numbering ofthe residues corresponds to that ofthe full eRF1 protein (A) The Gly region ofthe 15 H, N-HSQC spectrum ofthe M domain of human eRF1 ... [5–14] The role ofthe middle (M) domain will be described in detail below The C domain of eRF1 interacts with the C domain of eRF3 [15–18], and the binding of both factors is essential for fast kinetics...
... because ofthe lack of detailed information about the functional contribution of individual components ofthe translational machinery Only some ofthe factors involved inthe initiation of translation ... using cap-FLuc reporter mRNA inthe absence or presence of increasing amounts ofthe indicated proteins (B) Functionality ofthe Ubx-IRES in a dicistronic reporter mRNA in vitro The effect ofthe ... and in developing tissues provided interesting insights into the function of eIF4B In mammalian cell cultures, a 50-fold overexpression of eIF4B resulted inthe inhibition ofthe protein synthesis...
... activity by interacting with the enzyme–substrate complex, denaturing the enzyme protein, interacting with its active sites (Nannipieri, 1994) or by affecting the synthesis ofthe enzymes within the ... are the primary producers and form the base ofthe food chain Algae account for 4–27% ofthe total microbial biomass inthe soil (McCann and Cullimore, 1979) and are involved in maintaining soil ... components (including the organisms) In addition, the total amount of bioavailable metal in soil is influenced by complexation with dissolved organic and inorganic ligands The toxicity of Cd to the mineralization...
... including intramolecular protein–protein interactions, are required for heme sensing because the axial ligands ofthe heme, His119 ⁄ His120 inthe N-terminal domain and Cys409 inthe C-terminal domain, ... phosphorylation at Ser51 of eIF2a is triggered Therefore, it is important to explore the role of autophosphorylation ofthe HRI protein inthe intramolecular protein–protein interaction (between the NTD and ... sensing stress, these eIF2a kinases phosphorylate a common substrate, eIF2a at Ser51, leading to the termination of protein synthesis [3] HRI regulates the translation of hemoglobin proteins in...
... research forwards into the future Indeed, obtaining accurate measurements ofthe concentrations, distributions and flux of all the main players involved in protein folding inthe ER in vivo is still ... provided the basis on which to understand the complexity of protein folding in vivo S Ventura (Barcelona, Spain) discussed the challenges of elucidating the folding pathways of disulfide bond-containing ... [38] The tailoring of such compounds to steer the folding and turnover of specific target proteins inthe clinic should therefore be possible for a number of diseases where protein misfolding is...
... but with the use of chemicals How we harness these power elements in Nature? How we apply the principle of “farming with air, water and sunlight?” In Biointensive mini-farming, one ofthe basic ... shading Although the sun rises inthe east, and sets inthe west, the sun inclines a little to the northern side The moon is also the reflection ofthe sun When we plant towards the new moon, or ... microorganisms in their biotoilets eliminating foul odors and improving wastes decomposition Inthe Philippines where inthe past two years, I had conducted seminar-workshop inthe use and culture of these...
... Utilizing the Boussinesq approximation (which is valid because the inertial effects ofthe density stratification are negligible, the dominant term multiplying the inertia terms is the density ofthe ... carried out all the work regarding the development ofthe model, performing simulations, writing and revising the paper and approving the final manuscript Competing interests The author declares ... negative; in this case at the instability boundary the effect ofthe nanoparticle distribution is stabilizing and the effect ofthe temperature gradient is destabilizing; the presence of these two...
... biomining (Rawling, 2002) Biomining is becoming increasingly important in mining because of its lower and containable pollutant outputs comparing to thermal processes Efficacy in biomining environments ... 2009) The fascinating ability of members ofthe Archaea to thrive in extremes of temperature, salt and pH as well as in other seemingly hostile niches has generated substantial interest inthe ... during swimming The cells can attach to the substrate using these flagella The remaining two flagella are directed posteriorly and beat slowly They are used during feeding to drive the water into...
... and in' its immediate vicinity, the effect ofthe plants themselves on this function, the interrelationships among different microorganisms inthe rhizosphere, the elucidation ofthe mechanisms of ... action inthe agroecosystom all these lines of research are intimately associated with the problems of soil fertility and crop yields These in turn have a direct hearing on the nutrition of mankind, ... inhibition was linked to binding ofthe bacteria to the hyphae, thus indicating that a lectin-type interaction is probably involved (Nelson et al., 1986) This interaction may not however be the...
... slaughtering and subsequent meat processing, the water used for processing becomes a contaminating source Follow the standard of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural development, inthe slaughtering ... with the Standard of MARD, the level of E coli contamination in water using in slaughterhouses were higher from 10 to 100 times Table The result of total bacteria enumeration in water using in ... Cross-contamination bacteria from feces, sewage inthe floor to water may also have occurred as a result of using the tools or basin to take water inthe tanks and then put these tools inthe dirty...