... structures ofthe molecules. These structures are therefore not of immediate concern in the kinetic theoryof gases; they determine the exterior fields of force, which form the outworks ofthe molecule, ... quantum theoryof collisions (so far as it affects thetheory of the transport phenomena in gases), and on thetheoryof conduction and diffusion in ionized gases, in the presence of electric ... extent from these usual or normal conditions. These results of statistical mechanics, and others of a like kind, illustrate the use made of probability in the kinetic theoryof gases. The results...
... predictedon the basis ofthe Nambu equations of motion, and anti-rigid if the correctionterms act to enhance the curvature ofthe world sheet. Numerical simulation of the collapse of a circular loop of ... assume their false vacuum values (n and 1 respectively) on the axis of symmetry, and fall off exponentially with the cylindrical radius ρ. The centre of the string is, therefore, the set of points ... detail).However, in the case of an infinite string in the shape of an oscillating helix, the effect ofthe corrections is to increase the curvature at some points on the worldsheet and reduce it at others....
... cost ofthe employment in question[1]. The excess ofthe value ofthe resulting output over the sum of its factor cost and its user cost is the profit or, as we shall call it, the income ofthe ... AND THE MULTIPLIER Book IV: The Inducement to Invest 11. THE MARGINAL EFFICIENCY OF CAPITAL 12. THE STATE OF LONG-TERM EXPECTATION 13. THE GENERAL THEORYOFTHE RATE OF INTEREST 14. THE ... MONEY-WAGES o PROFESSOR PIGOU'S &apos ;THEORY OF UNEMPLOYMENT' 20. THE EMPLOYMENT FUNCTION 21. THE THEORYOF PRICES Short Notes Suggested by the General Theory 22. NOTES ON THE TRADE...
... is the cornerstone of the RNA World. Nevertheless, there is a lot going for the RNA World(Bernhardt summarizes much ofthe evidence, and I add more below)whereas the other hypothes es on the ... existedalready at the late stages ofthe hypothetical RNA World [92].All this discussion is not pointless play with hypotheses. Realization of the unique status ofthe RNA World among the origin of life ... Because ofthe ability of these naturally occurringRNA riboswitches to bind protein enzyme cofactors, andbecause many of these cofactors possess non-functionalfragments of RNA – one ofthe earliest...
... represented by a set of states of the automaton A recognizing L. The cardinal ofthe set of subsets (of the set of states) is 2ca'd(d(L)). This number 0 Theorem 4 Let L be ... places of their recog- nizing nets. 1 Preliminaries As well-known, the Petri net is a mathematical model of parallel and dis- tributed computing systems. In the last years, thetheoryof ... [2-31). As we shall see in the sequel, in thetheoryof growth function, only the state growth speed ofthe system matters, no attention is paid to the states themselves. This implies that...
... familiarity with the elementary topology of topological groupsand ofthe real and complex number fields.Most ofthe material of these notes is to be found in the notes of Artin and the books of Artin, ... fields. These lec-tures were preceded by an elementary course on group theory, vectorspaces and ideal theoryof rings—especially of Noetherian rings. Aknowledge of these is presupposed in these ... The restriction of elements of g to L′are automorphisms of L′with L as fixed field (by definition of L). By finite galois theory these are all the elements ofthe galois group of L′/L. This...
... part by The American Institute of Mathematics.ON THE K -THEORY OF LOCAL FIELDS 33where Mgpis the group completion (or Grothendieck group) of M and denotes the submodule generated by the indicated ... −→ · · · ,two out of three ofthe vertical maps are isomorphisms. Hence, so are the remaining vertical maps. To prove the claim, we consider the diagram of ON THE K -THEORY OF LOCAL FIELDS 450 ... MADSENProof. If a ∈ A ∩ K×then avK(a) ∈K, and hence, the composition of the two maps in the statement is zero. Only the exactness in the middle needsproof. Let ad log b be an element of ω1(A,M)and...
... conviction of illegal suppliers obviouslydepend on the extent ofthe difference between the social and private value of consumption of illegalgoods, but they also depend crucially on theelasticityof ... revenue. The left hand side of eq. (12a) is the marginal cost of enforcement, including the effects on output and the odds ratio. The right hand side is the marginal benefit ofthe reduction ... increases since the drop in the scale of production can more than offset the increased cost per unit. So theelasticityof demand is key on both the cost and benefit sides of enforcement....
... desired. The ratio ofthe actualrate of transmission to the capacity C may be called the efficiency ofthe coding system. This is of courseequal to the ratio ofthe actual entropy ofthe channel ... .Theorem 16:If the signal and noise are independentand the received signal is the sum ofthe transmittedsignal and the noise then the rate of transmission isR H y H ni.e., the entropy ofthe ... channel, and the savings possible due to the statistical structure ofthe original message and due to the nature ofthe final destination ofthe information. The fundamental problem of communication...
... manifested by these superconductingoxides have become one ofthe most exciting and challenging topics in the field of the electron theoryof metals.Originally, the electron theoryof metals was ... accom-plishments in the electron theoryof metals since the advent ofthe Sommerfeldfree-electron theory. Naturally, the higher the superconducting transition tem-perature, the more likely are possible ... Tc. Thetheoryof super-conductivity was established in 1957 by Bardeen, Cooper and Schrieffer [25]. The so called BCS theory has been recognized as one ofthe greatest accom-plishments in the...