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Đây là bộ sách tiếng anh về chuyên ngành vật lý gồm các lý thuyết căn bản và lý liên quan đến công nghệ nano ,công nghệ vật liệu ,công nghệ vi điện tử,vật lý bán dẫn. Bộ sách này thích hợp cho những ai đam mê theo đuổi ngành vật lý và muốn tìm hiểu thế giới vũ trụ và hoạt độn ra sao.
[...]... reading Nonetheless, it should be remembered that cosmic strings are regarded as realistic ingredients of cosmological models solely because of the role of the Higgs mechanism in electroweak unification Most accounts of the formation of cosmic strings offer only a heuristic explanation of the mechanism or illustrations from condensed matter physics, while the mathematics of electroweak unification is rarely... (monopoles), two-dimensional sheets (domain walls) and, in particular, long filamentary structures called cosmic strings 1 2 Cosmic strings and broken gauge symmetries Most of this book is devoted to a mathematical description of the dynamics and gravitational properties of cosmic strings, based on the simplifying assumption that the strings are infinitely thin, an idealization often referred to as the. .. self-gravity and dynamics of cosmic strings will remain an important field of study, for a number of reasons On the practical level, cosmic strings may have played an important role in the development of the early Universe, whether or not they can single-handedly explain the formation of galaxies More abstractly, cosmic strings are natural higher-dimensional analogues of black holes and their gravitational... unfortunately the enormous energies involved preclude any experimental testing of them for many decades to come Another implication of electroweak unification is the possibility that a host of exotic and previously undreamt -of objects may have formed in the early, high-temperature, phase of the Universe, as condensates of the massive scalar field which forms the basis of the Higgs mechanism These objects... dinner at the homesick restaurant Malcolm Anderson Brunei, June 2002 Chapter 1 Cosmic strings and broken gauge symmetries One of the most striking successes of modern science has been to reduce the complex panoply of dynamical phenomena we observe in the world around us— from the build-up of rust on a car bumper to the destructive effects of cyclonic winds—to the action of only four fundamental forces:... random fluctuations in the density of the protogalactic medium unless additional ad hoc assumptions about the process of galaxy formation are made Cosmic strings, which would appear spontaneously at a time well before the epoch of galaxy formation, therefore provided an attractive alternative mechanism for the seeding of galaxies The first detailed investigations of the string-seeded model were based on the. .. known about the dynamics and gravitational properties of individual cosmic strings in the zero-thickness or ‘wire’ approximation Chapter 1 is devoted to a summary of the field-theoretic aspects of strings, starting from a description of the role of the Higgs mechanism in electroweak unification and ending with a justification of the wire approximation for the Abelian Higgs string, on which the Nambu action... approximation As a consequence, there will be very little discussion of the field-theoretic properties of cosmic strings However, in order to appreciate how cosmic strings might have condensed out of the intense fireball that marked the birth of the Universe it is helpful to first understand the concept of spontaneous symmetry-breaking that underpins the Higgs mechanism In this introductory chapter I, therefore,... catalogue of many of the known exact string solutions in Minkowski spacetime is presented in chapter 4 Although possibly rather dry, this chapter is an important source of reference, as most of the solutions it describes are mentioned in earlier or later sections Chapter 5 examines the more limited work that has been done on the dynamics of cosmic strings in non-flat spacetimes, principally the Friedmann–Robertson–Walker,... Throughout the rest of the book I treat cosmic strings as idealized line singularities, and make very few references to the underlying field theory Nor do I give any space to the cosmological ramifications of cosmic strings (other than what appears here and in chapter 1), the structure and evolution of string networks, or to the theory of related topological defects such as global strings, superconducting strings, . Falcke and F W Hehl THE MATHEMATICAL THEORY OF COSMIC STRINGS COSMIC STRINGS IN THE WIRE APPROXIMATION Malcolm R Anderson Department of Mathematics, Universiti. ingredients of cosmological models solely because of the role of the Higgs mechanism in electroweak unification. Most accounts of the formation of cosmic strings offer