... andrepresentingthe performancedataprovided by plugins, whichare describedindetail in Chapter 17.Networksare rarely homogeneous, that is,equippedonlywithLinux andotherUnix-based operating systems. ... target system can only be reached throughaparticular router that hasjustgonedown,then Nagios reports that thetargetsystem is “unreachable”, anddoesnot bother tobombarditwithfurther host andservicechecks.The ... thecommand withwhich Nagiostests theservicefor function-ality. Argumentsare passedontothe actualcommand, check_ping,sep-arated by exclamation marks. Thedefinition of the check_ping command,predefinedinthe...
... CERT® GUIDE TO SYSTEMANDNETWORK SECURITY PRACTICES8 THE CERT® GUIDE TO SYSTEMANDNETWORK SECURITY PRACTICESTo Identify and Enable Systems andNetwork Logging MechanismsIdentify and Install ... establishment and maintenance of secure configura-tions and the secure operations of critical assets.Most systemandnetwork administrators have developed their knowledge of how toprotect and secure systems ... tools and exploit scripts was the exception rather than the rule. By theyear 2000, due to the widespread and easy availability of intrusion tools and exploit2 THE CERT® GUIDE TO SYSTEMAND NETWORK...
... NỘIVIỆN CÔNG NGHỆ THÔNG TIN VÀ TRUYỀN THÔNG──────── * ───────BÀI TẬP LỚNMÔN: ITSS Linux System andNetwork Management Sinh viên thực hiện: Nguyễn Đức Hiếu (Nhóm trưởng)Phan Quốc KhánhTrần ... Thiết lập domain name:nano /etc/sysconfig /network edit domain name "server1.hhkd1570.vn"- Config custom static ipnano /etc/sysconfig /network- scripts/ifcfg-eth1 DEVICE=eth1BOOTPROTO=staticnm_controlled=noIPADDR=10.0.10.1NETMASK=255.255.255.0BROADCAST=10.0.10.255 NETWORK= 10.0.10.0DEFROUTE=yes- ... giữa 2 máy (accept, drop, reject,…)• Trước hết cần forward traffic từ private network 10.0.10.0/24 trên eth1 sang network trên eth0- Thêm cấu hình vào file cfg-eth1 để có gateway forward:Nhập...
... definition of network security can be constructed by defining its two components, security and networks. UNESCO – EOLSSSAMPLE CHAPTERSTELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES – Vol. II - Network ... information risk analysis and security policies for systems and networks]. International Standardization Organization (1994). Information Processing Systems – Open Systems Interconnection – ... on cryptography and security for mobile agents, distributed systems, intelligent networks, ad hoc networks and sensor networks. He has served as a technical committee member and as a reviewer...
... Inv-Mxi-Spa systems arefound in Shigella, Salmonella, and Burkholderia spp.In addition, Ssa-Esc systems exist in enteropathogenic(EPEC) and enterohaemorrhagic (EHEC) Escherichiacoli species (Esc), and ... membrane and increasing Salmonella invasionefficiency [62]. It is of note that both IpaC and SipCare essential for Shigella and Salmonella uptake by macrophages in the early steps of invasion, and ... ARTICLEMembrane targeting and pore formation by the type IIIsecretion system transloconPierre-Jean Matteı¨1, Eric Faudry2, Viviana Job1, Thierry Izore´1, Ina Attree2 and Andre´a Dessen11...
... object-centered and egocentric coordinates by HMD. Therefore, we used a combined system (CCDcamera, HMD, and a computer) in order to display areduced or an enlarged visual field of real image and thenHMD ... special tests in random order forboth object-centered and egocentric co-ordinates. PatientA performed the common clinical test and two specialtests; special test 1 and 2 and Patient B performed ... performed thecommon clinical test and four special tests; special test 3,4, 5 and 6.5. ResultsIn this study, the score of FIM-M and FIM-C of Patient A and B was 42 and 58, respectively. The scores...
... DOES THE WEB APPLICATION REQUIRE AUTHENTICATION OF THE USER?Many Web applications require another server authenticate usersExamine how information is passed between the two serversEncrypted channelsVerify that logon and password information is stored on secure placesAuthentication servers introduce a second target443734APPLICATION VULNERABILITIES COUNTERMEASURES (CONTINUED)Top10 Web application vulnerabilities (continued)Remote administration flawsAttacker can gain access to the Web server through the remote administration interfaceWeb and application server misconfigurationAny Web server software out of the box is usually vulnerable to attackDefault accounts and passwordsOverly informative error messages3216WEB FORMSUse the <form> element or tag in an HTML documentAllows customer to submit information to the Web serverWeb servers process information from a Web form by using a Web applicationEasy way for attackers to intercept data that users submit to a Web server7APPLICATION VULNERABILITIES COUNTERMEASURESOpen Web Application Security Project (OWASP)Open, notforprofit organization dedicated to finding and fighting vulnerabilities in Web applicationsPublishes the Ten Most Critical Web Application Security VulnerabilitiesTop10 Web application vulnerabilitiesUnvalidated parametersHTTP requests are not validated by the Web serverBroken access controlDevelopers implement access controls but fail to test them properly29USING SCRIPTING LANGUAGESDynamic Web pages can be developed using scripting languagesVBScriptJavaScriptPHP18OPEN DATABASE CONNECTIVITY (ODBC) (CONTINUED)ODBC definesStandardized representation of data typesA library of ODBC functionsStandard methods of connecting to and logging on to a DBMS24WEB APPLICATION COMPONENTSStatic Web pagesCreated using HTMLDynamic Web pagesNeed special components<form> tagsCommon Gateway Interface (CGI)Active Server Pages (ASP)PHPColdFusionScripting languagesDatabase connectors6APACHE WEB SERVERTomcat Apache is another Web Server programTomcat Apache hosts anywhere from 50% to 60% of all Web sitesAdvantagesWorks on just about any *NIX and Windows platformIt is freeRequires Java 2 Standard Runtime Environment (J2SE, version 5.0)15ON WHAT PLATFORM WAS THE WEB APPLICATION DEVELOPED?Several different platforms and technologies can be used to develop Web applicationsAttacks differ depending on the platform and technology used to develop the applicationFootprinting is used to find out as much information as possible about a target system The more you know about a system the easier it is to gather information about its vulnerabilities45OPEN DATABASE CONNECTIVITY (ODBC)Standard database access method developed by the SQL Access GroupODBC interface allows an application to accessData stored in a database management system Any system that understands and can issue ODBC commandsInteroperability among backend DBMS is a key feature of the ODBC interface2348UNDERSTANDING WEB APPLICATIONSIt is nearly impossible to write a program without bugsSome bugs create security vulnerabilitiesWeb applications also have bugsWeb applications have a larger user base than standalone applicationsBugs are a bigger problem for Web applications5DOES THE WEB APPLICATION CONNECT TO A BACKEND DATABASE SERVER? (CONTINUED)Basic testing should look forWhether you can enter text with punctuation marksWhether you can enter a single quotation mark followed by any SQL keywordsWhether you can get any sort of database error when attempting to inject SQL43DOES THE WEB APPLICATION USE DYNAMIC WEB PAGES?Static Web pages do not create a security environmentIIS attack exampleSubmitting a specially formatted URL to the attacked Web serverIIS does not correctly parse the URL informationAttackers could launch a Unicode exploithttp://www.nopatchiss.com/scripts/ ... DOES THE WEB APPLICATION REQUIRE AUTHENTICATION OF THE USER?Many Web applications require another server authenticate usersExamine how information is passed between the two serversEncrypted channelsVerify that logon and password information is stored on secure placesAuthentication servers introduce a second target443734APPLICATION VULNERABILITIES COUNTERMEASURES (CONTINUED)Top10 Web application vulnerabilities (continued)Remote administration flawsAttacker can gain access to the Web server through the remote administration interfaceWeb and application server misconfigurationAny Web server software out of the box is usually vulnerable to attackDefault accounts and passwordsOverly informative error messages3216WEB FORMSUse the <form> element or tag in an HTML documentAllows customer to submit information to the Web serverWeb servers process information from a Web form by using a Web applicationEasy way for attackers to intercept data that users submit to a Web server7APPLICATION VULNERABILITIES COUNTERMEASURESOpen Web Application Security Project (OWASP)Open, notforprofit organization dedicated to finding and fighting vulnerabilities in Web applicationsPublishes the Ten Most Critical Web Application Security VulnerabilitiesTop10 Web application vulnerabilitiesUnvalidated parametersHTTP requests are not validated by the Web serverBroken access controlDevelopers implement access controls but fail to test them properly29USING SCRIPTING LANGUAGESDynamic Web pages can be developed using scripting languagesVBScriptJavaScriptPHP18OPEN DATABASE CONNECTIVITY (ODBC) (CONTINUED)ODBC definesStandardized representation of data typesA library of ODBC functionsStandard methods of connecting to and logging on to a DBMS24WEB APPLICATION COMPONENTSStatic Web pagesCreated using HTMLDynamic Web pagesNeed special components<form> tagsCommon Gateway Interface (CGI)Active Server Pages (ASP)PHPColdFusionScripting languagesDatabase connectors6APACHE WEB SERVERTomcat Apache is another Web Server programTomcat Apache hosts anywhere from 50% to 60% of all Web sitesAdvantagesWorks on just about any *NIX and Windows platformIt is freeRequires Java 2 Standard Runtime Environment (J2SE, version 5.0)15ON WHAT PLATFORM WAS THE WEB APPLICATION DEVELOPED?Several different platforms and technologies can be used to develop Web applicationsAttacks differ depending on the platform and technology used to develop the applicationFootprinting is used to find out as much information as possible about a target system The more you know about a system the easier it is to gather information about its vulnerabilities45OPEN DATABASE CONNECTIVITY (ODBC)Standard database access method developed by the SQL Access GroupODBC interface allows an application to accessData stored in a database management system Any system that understands and can issue ODBC commandsInteroperability among backend DBMS is a key feature of the ODBC interface2348UNDERSTANDING WEB APPLICATIONSIt is nearly impossible to write a program without bugsSome bugs create security vulnerabilitiesWeb applications also have bugsWeb applications have a larger user base than standalone applicationsBugs are a bigger problem for Web applications5DOES THE WEB APPLICATION CONNECT TO A BACKEND DATABASE SERVER? (CONTINUED)Basic testing should look forWhether you can enter text with punctuation marksWhether you can enter a single quotation mark followed by any SQL keywordsWhether you can get any sort of database error when attempting to inject SQL43DOES THE WEB APPLICATION USE DYNAMIC WEB PAGES?Static Web pages do not create a security environmentIIS attack exampleSubmitting a specially formatted URL to the attacked Web serverIIS does not correctly parse the URL informationAttackers could launch a Unicode exploithttp://www.nopatchiss.com/scripts/ ... DOES THE WEB APPLICATION REQUIRE AUTHENTICATION OF THE USER?Many Web applications require another server authenticate usersExamine how information is passed between the two serversEncrypted channelsVerify that logon and password information is stored on secure placesAuthentication servers introduce a second target443734APPLICATION VULNERABILITIES COUNTERMEASURES (CONTINUED)Top10 Web application vulnerabilities (continued)Remote administration flawsAttacker can gain access to the Web server through the remote administration interfaceWeb and application server misconfigurationAny Web server software out of the box is usually vulnerable to attackDefault accounts and passwordsOverly informative error messages3216WEB FORMSUse the <form> element or tag in an HTML documentAllows customer to submit information to the Web serverWeb servers process information from a Web form by using a Web applicationEasy way for attackers to intercept data that users submit to a Web server7APPLICATION VULNERABILITIES COUNTERMEASURESOpen Web Application Security Project (OWASP)Open, notforprofit organization dedicated to finding and fighting vulnerabilities in Web applicationsPublishes the Ten Most Critical Web Application Security VulnerabilitiesTop10 Web application vulnerabilitiesUnvalidated parametersHTTP requests are not validated by the Web serverBroken access controlDevelopers implement access controls but fail to test them properly29USING SCRIPTING LANGUAGESDynamic Web pages can be developed using scripting languagesVBScriptJavaScriptPHP18OPEN DATABASE CONNECTIVITY (ODBC) (CONTINUED)ODBC definesStandardized representation of data typesA library of ODBC functionsStandard methods of connecting to and logging on to a DBMS24WEB APPLICATION COMPONENTSStatic Web pagesCreated using HTMLDynamic Web pagesNeed special components<form> tagsCommon Gateway Interface (CGI)Active Server Pages (ASP)PHPColdFusionScripting languagesDatabase connectors6APACHE WEB SERVERTomcat Apache is another Web Server programTomcat Apache hosts anywhere from 50% to 60% of all Web sitesAdvantagesWorks on just about any *NIX and Windows platformIt is freeRequires Java 2 Standard Runtime Environment (J2SE, version 5.0)15ON WHAT PLATFORM WAS THE WEB APPLICATION DEVELOPED?Several different platforms and technologies can be used to develop Web applicationsAttacks differ depending on the platform and technology used to develop the applicationFootprinting is used to find out as much information as possible about a target system The more you know about a system the easier it is to gather information about its vulnerabilities45OPEN DATABASE CONNECTIVITY (ODBC)Standard database access method developed by the SQL Access GroupODBC interface allows an application to accessData stored in a database management system Any system that understands and can issue ODBC commandsInteroperability among backend DBMS is a key feature of the ODBC interface2348UNDERSTANDING WEB APPLICATIONSIt is nearly impossible to write a program without bugsSome bugs create security vulnerabilitiesWeb applications also have bugsWeb applications have a larger user base than standalone applicationsBugs are a bigger problem for Web applications5DOES THE WEB APPLICATION CONNECT TO A BACKEND DATABASE SERVER? (CONTINUED)Basic testing should look forWhether you can enter text with punctuation marksWhether you can enter a single quotation mark followed by any SQL keywordsWhether you can get any sort of database error when attempting to inject SQL43DOES THE WEB APPLICATION USE DYNAMIC WEB PAGES?Static Web pages do not create a security environmentIIS attack exampleSubmitting a specially formatted URL to the attacked Web serverIIS does not correctly parse the URL informationAttackers could launch a Unicode exploithttp://www.nopatchiss.com/scripts/...
... and re- near the grammatical end of the continuum are called grammatical morphemes.Note that grammatical morphemes include forms that we can consider to be words like the, a, and, and of and ... of all, we should understand deeply about its morpheme system. Living in a community, human beings need a tool to communicate with each other, and to carry on human and social affairs. They, ... should do. In the limited time and scope, we have introduced some features of English morpheme system as well as its importance in learning English in general and spelling, developing vocabulary...
... Linux ext2 Kiểu filesystem đợc dùng chủ yếu trên Linux partition. iso9660 Kiểu ISO 9660 filesystem đợc dùng với CD-ROM disks. sysv Kiểu Nhằm hỗ trợ cho dạng UNIX System V filesystem. msdos ... dới Linux systems:## Sample /etc/fstab file for a Linux machine## Local mounts/dev/sda1 / ext2 defaults 1 1mkswap /dev/hda22. Mounting and unmounting file systemsMounting file systemsNh ... Bỏ mount một hệ thống file (điểm mount). I. File Systemand Disk Administration1. Cấu trúc th mục trên Unix / - Th mục gốc trên UNIX file system. /bin - Là symbol link tới /usr/bin chứa các...
... strandsEp 28500:=Number of strands at middleNs_middle ye4ceilsp2:= Ns_middle 34=Area of pre-stress strandsAps_1 Ns_middle Strand_area⋅:= Aps_1 7.378=Total force in strandsFs ... data for strand pattern for the proper beam.LRFD pre-stressed beam.mcd7/1/2003 16 of 71Moment and Shear, Generated by DL on the Composite Section.This generator is capable of handling from ... f_reqd 3.789=Approximate force per strand (k) =(estimate 42 ksi loss)F_est Strand_area 0.75 Strand_strength⋅ 42−( )⋅:= F_est 34.828=Approximate number of strands required =N1f_reqdF_est1Areayb...
... solaris dùng lệnh newfs), mkswap tạo swap file system. Ví dụ mke2fs /dev/hda1 mkswap /dev/hda2 3. Mounting and unmounting file systems Mounting file systems Như ta đ biêt hệ thống file của UNIX ... của người sử dụng. ỹ Số trang đ in. VIII.File Systemand Disk Administration 1. Cấu trúc thư mục trên Unix ỹ / - Thư mục gốc trên UNIX file system. ỹ /bin - Là symbol link tới /usr/bin chứa ... recover bởi fsck. 2. Creating file systems Giới thiệu về UNIX- Một số thao tác cơ bản trên UNIX 77 ỹ sysv Kiểu Nhằm hỗ trợ cho dạng UNIX System V filesystem. ỹ msdos Kiểu DOS partition...
... Easier=hhdkopo`abejadkopcnkqlwdkopcnkql[j]ia]hh]he]o]hhdkopoiai^ano&y`abejadkopcnkqlwdkopcnkql[j]iaejpanj]h]he]oejpanj]hdkopoiai^anoiah(ouh(hejyCHAPTER 6 N NETWORK MONITORING 154NTip Before you include the plug-in command in the jnla*_bc file, make sure it really works. You can verify this by running it from the command line, just ... configure Nagios.CHAPTER 6 N NETWORK MONITORING 159The last options from the Monitoring section that I want to cover here are Service Problems, Host Problems, andNetwork Outages. Each of these ... command installs about 40 MB of data on your server. Once that is done, you have to complete the installation by setting up authentication. Nagios uses the file CHAPTER 6 N NETWORK MONITORING 150`abejapeialanek`wpeialanek`[j]ia.0t3]he]o.0Dkqno=@]u(3@]uo=Saagoqj`]u,,6,,).06,,ikj`]u,,6,,).06,,pqao`]u,,6,,).06,,sa`jao`]u,,6,,).06,,pdqno`]u,,6,,).06,,bne`]u,,6,,).06,,o]pqn`]u,,6,,).06,,yDanaeo]ohecdphubneaj`heanlanek``qnejcskngdkqno`abejapeialanek`wpeialanek`[j]iaskngdkqno]he]oOp]j`]n`SkngDkqnoikj`]u,56,,)-36,,pqao`]u,56,,)-36,,sa`jao`]u,56,,)-36,,pdqno`]u,56,,)-36,,bne`]u,56,,)-36,,yPda_kilhaiajpkbskngdkqno`abejapeialanek`wpeialanek`[j]iajkjskngdkqno]he]oJkj)SkngDkqnooqj`]u,,6,,).06,,ikj`]u,,6,,),56,,(-36,,).06,,pqao`]u,,6,,),56,,(-36,,).06,,sa`jao`]u,,6,,),56,,(-36,,).06,,pdqno`]u,,6,,),56,,(-36,,).06,,bne`]u,,6,,),56,,(-36,,).06,,o]pqn`]u,,6,,).06,,yPdeokjaeo]b]rknepa6jaran6%`abejapeialanek`wpeialanek`[j]iajaran]he]oJaranyaj`kbbehaCHAPTER...