... Peopledidthink,especially inthe hightimeswhen the marketswerehigh,thattheirhousewasanasset.Eveniftheyhad their mortgage paid o, people were borrowing against their house and putting it into the stock market or wherever theywere putting it.So,notonlyweretheygettingcrazymortgages,buttheywerealsotakingmoneyoutagainsttheirhouse ... Learning adapted from Dale, (1969)Doing the Real ThingSimulating the Real ExperienceDoing a Dramatic PresentationGiving a TalkParticipating in a DiscussionSeeing it Done on LocationWatching ... after in ationhasfallen.So the harderpeoplework, the lessthey’remakingbecause the governmentand the FederalReserve, the banking system, they’re basically stealing it from them.RobertCanwebring inthe bagsofcoinsrightnow?ankyou.33Sacred Cow #8: Invest for the Long Term in a Well-Diversified...
... the Court s reasoning. It was a right used by theCourt from the beginning, since itseighth ruling in 1990 and throughout the transition. The repeated reliance onhuman dignity enabled theCourt ... distinguishesthem from other democratic transitions elsewhere.1They were not aboutimproving democracy or replacing the leaders of the communist parties, but, for the most part, were instead ... example in mind which could solve the problems they faced in constitu-tional adjudication. As this book explains, the strategy worked, inthe narrowsense that theCourt was able to construct the...
... TelefaxNo.DanaCarreraAmericanrepresentationisgrowingandcurrentlyconstitutesoverfiftypercent(50%)ofthatneighborhood'spopulation.12.Ms.Buycks-Robersonprovidedtocitibankextensivefinancialdocumentationconcerning her financialabilityand the property,includingdocumentsshowingannualincomeofover$47,000.13.OnoraboutApril28,1992,Ms.Buycks-RobersonreceivedfromDefendantcitibankaletterthatinformed her that her mortgageloanapplicationhadbeendeniedbecauseofdelinquentcreditobligationsandotheradversecredit.14.OnJune19,1992,Ms.'Buycks-Robersonreappliedfor the homeloan,andagainprovidedtocitibankextensivefinancial.documentationconcerning her annualincome,financialabilityandadditionalinformationconcerning her creditworthiness.15.OnorafterJuly10,1992,Ms.Buycks-Robersonreceivedfromcitibankaletterthatinformed her that her mortgageloanapplicationhadbeendeniedbecause her "income[did]notsupport the amountofcreditrequested."16.Ms.Buycks-Robersonwasqualifiedtoreceive the loanshesoughtfromcitibank.Ms.Brooks17.OnoraboutNovember25,1993,PlaintiffReneeBrooksappliedforahomeloanofapproximately$95,000fromcitibank.18.Ms.BrooksprovidedCitibankwithalldocumentationthatCitibankrequired.5No.94C4094JUdgecastilloPlaintiffsDefendant.vs.SelmaS.BUYCKS-ROBERSON,)ReneeBROOKSandCalvinROBERSON)onbehalfofthemselvesand)otherssimilarlysituated,))))))))))))CITIBANKFEDERALSAVINGSBANK, IN THE UNITEDSTATESDISTRICT COURT FOR THE NORTHERNDISTRICTOFILLINOISEASTERNDIVISIONSECONDAMENDEDCOMPLAINTPlaintiffsSelmaS.Buycks-Roberson,ReneeBrooksandCalvinR.Roberson,onbehalfofthemselvesandotherssimilarlysituated,byandthroughtheirattorneys,makethisSecondAmendedComplaintagainstDefendant,citibankFederalSavingsBank("Citibank").NATUREOF THE ACTION1.ThisisacivilactionbroughtbySelmaS.Buycks-Roberson,ReneeBrooksandCalvinR.RobersononbehalfofthemselvesandallotherAfrican-Americanswhosehomeloanapplicationstocitibankoriginatedfrom the Chicagometropolitanareaandwhoseapplicationswererejectedbecauseoftheirraceorcolororbecauseof the racialcompositionof the neighborhood in whichtheirpropertieswerelocated.Thisactionseeksinjunctivereliefandmonetarydamagesforviolationsof42u.S.C.§§1981and1982;42U.S.C.§3605and15U.S.C.§169l(a).discriminateagainstanyperson in& apos;makingavailablesuchatransaction,or in &apos ;the termsofsuchatransaction,becauseofraceorcolor.36.Defendant's'refusalstoapprovePlaintiffs'loanapplicationsweremotivatedbydiscrimination. The primarybasesforDefendant'srefusal~oapprovePlaintiffs'loanswerethatPlaintiffsareAfrican-American,andthatPlaintiffs'propertiesarelocated in neighborhoods in whichAfrican-Americansconstituteasubstantialpercentageof the population.37.Defendant'srefusaltomakehomeloansbecauseofPlaintiffs'raceand the racialcompositionof the neighborhoods in whichtheyresidedeniedPlaintiffs'rightssecuredunder42U.S.C.§§3601,et~38.As'adirectandproximateresultofDefendant'sunlawfulviolationof42U.S.C.§§3601,et~,Plaintiffshavesufferedandcontinuetosuffergreatembarrassment,humiliationandemotionaldistress.39.Defendant'sviolationof42U.S.C.§§3601,et~waswillfulandwanton,andmotivatedbyillwillandmalice.WHEREFORE,PlaintiffsaskjUdgmentagainstDefendantfor:(a)Actual,damages in anamounttobeprovedattrial;(b)compensatorydamages in anamounttobeprovedattrial;(c)Punitivedamages;(d)Appropriateinjunctiverelief;(e)Reasonablea~torneys'feesandcostsofsuit;and(f)Furtherreliefasthis Court deemsjustandproper.919. The purposeof the loanwastorefinanceanexistingmortgageofapproximately$95,000onMs.Brooks'scondominium,locatedat5000SouthCornellStreet in Chicago,Illinois.20. The propertythatMs.Brooksattemptedtorefinanceislocated in aneighborhood in whichthereisasignificantAfrican-Americanpopulation.21.OnoraboutMarch8,1994,Ms.Brooks'sapplicationforahomeloanwasdeniedon the groundsthatshehadinadequatecollateral,andon the groundsthatshehadsubmittedanincompleteapplication.22.Ms.Brookswasqualifiedtoreceive the homeloanshesoughtfrom'citibank.Mr.Roberson23.OnoraboutJuly9,1993,PlaintiffCalvinRobersonappliedforahomeloanofapproximately$43,000fromcitibank.24. The purposeof the loanwastorefinanceanexistingmortgageofapproximately$43,000onMr.Roberson'shome,locatedat2847West85thStreet in Chicago,Illinois.25. The propertywhichMr.Robersonattemptedtorefinanceisloc~ted in aneighborhood in which the African-Americanrepresentationisgrowing.26.Mr.Robersonprovidedcitibankwithalldocumentationthatcitibankrequested,includingdocumentsshowinganannualincomeofapproximately$69,000fromhismanagementpositionatAT&T,and the equity in hishomevaluedatapproximately$75,000.Mr.Robersonalsoprovided"documentationshowingadditionalliquidassetswell in excessof the amountof the loanrequested.6 ... 33.Plaintiffspossessedadequateincomeandassetsandhadadequatecr~dithistorytoqualifyfor the loansrequested, the valueand/or the e~itytheyhad in theirpropertiesweresufficienttosupport the loans,andDefendantwasawareofthosefacts.34.Defendant'sdiscriminationagainstPlaintiffswasintentionalandwillful.WHEREFORE,eachPlaintiffasksjUdgmentagainstDefendantfor:(a)Actualdamages in anamounttobeprovedattrial;(b)Compensatorydamages in anamounttobeprovedattrial;(c)Punitivedamages,notexceeding the lesserof$500,000oronepercentumof the networthof the Defendant;(d)Appropriateinjunctiverelief;(e)Reasonableattorneys'fees·andcostsofsuit;and(f)Furtherreliefasthis court deemsjustandproper.COUNTIIFAIRHOUSINGACT35.Plaintiffsadoptandreallege~~1through28ofthisComplaintandincorporatethembyreferenceas~35ofCountII.36.Thisclaimisbroughtunder the FairHousingAct,42U.S.C.§§3601,et~section3613(a)(1)(A)ofthisActallowsacivilactiontobebroughtbyanypersondamaged.under the Act.sections3605(a)and(b)(1)providesthatitshallbeunlawfulforanypersonorentitywhosebusinessincludesengaging in residentialreal-estate-relatedtransactionsto8JURISDICTIONANDVENUE2.Jurisdictionofthis court arisesunder28U.S.C.§1343(a)(4),42U.S.C.§3613(a)(1)(A)and15U.S.C.§1691e(f).3.Venueisproper in the NorthernDistrictofIllinoissincesomeof the actsandtransactionscomplainedofoccurred in thisdistrict. THE PARTIES4.PlaintiffSelmaS.Buycks-RobersonisanAfrican-Americancitizenof the unitedStateswhoresides in Broadview,Illinois.5.PlaintiffReneeBrooksisanAfrican-Americancitizenof the unitedStateswhoresides in Chicago,Illinois.6.PlaintiffCalvinR.RobersonisanAfrican-Americancitizenof the unitedStateswhoresides in Chicago,Illinois.7.Defendantcitibankisafederalsavingsbankthatoffersresidentialmortgageloans("homeloans").CLASSACTIONSALLEGATIONS8.(a)Plaintiffsarecitibankhomeloanapplicants;theybringthisactiononbehalfofthemselvesandallotherAfrican-Americanhomeloanapplicantssimilarlysituated.ThisactionisbroughtasaclassactionpursuanttoRule23(b)(2)andRule23(b)(3)of the FederalRulesofCivilProcedure.(b) The classconsistsofallAfrican-AmericanswhofiledapplicationsforhomeloanstocitibankandwererejectedonorafterJuly6,1992becausetheyareAfrican-Americanand/or2§1691(a);and(iii)whetherPlaintiffsareentitledtoanawardofactual,compensatoryorpunitivedamages.(f) The wrongfulconductallegedhereinhasbeentakengenerallyagainstallmembersof the class in thatAfrican-Americanhomeloanapplicantshavehadtheirloanapplicationsrejectedon the basisoftheirraceorcolor,orbecauseof the racialcompositionof the neighborhoods in whichtheirpropertieswerelocated,orboth,pursuantto the policies,practicesorproceduresofDefendant.(g) The commonquestionsoffactandlawpredominateoverquestionsaffectingonlyindividualclassmembers.(h)Aclassactionissuperiortootheravailablemethodsfor the fairandefficientadjudicationof the controversy in that:(i)amUltiplicityofsuitswithconsequentburdenon the courtsandDefendantshouldbeavoided;and(ii)itwouldbeundulyburdensomeforallclassmemberstointerveneasparties-plaintiffs in thisaction. THE FACTSMs.Buycks-Roberson9.OnoraboutApril4,1992,PlaintiffSelmaBuycks-Robersonappliedforahomeloanofapproximately$43,700fromcitibank.10. The purposeof the loanwastorefinanceanexistingmortgageofapproximately$43,500onMs.Buycks-Roberson'shome,locatedat2057South25thAvenue in Broadview,Illinois.11. The propertythatMs.Buycks-Robersonattemptedtorefinanceislocated in aneighborhood in which the African-4because the racialcompositionof the neighborhoods in whichtheirpropertieswerelocatedwaspredominantlyAfrican-American.(c) The classissonumerousthatjoinderofallpersonsisimpracticable.PlaintiffsareinformedandbelievethatmanyhomeloanapplicationstoDefendantbyAfrican-Americanswereillegallyrejected.Oninformationandbelief,Defendantrejected the homeloanapplicationsofmanydozensofAfrican-Americanapplicantsbecauseoftheirraceorcolor,and/orbecauseof the racialcompositionof the neighborhoods in whichtheirpropertieswerelocated.(d)Plaintiffswillfairlyandadequatelyprotect the interestsofallclassmembers,astheyaremembersof the classandtheirclaimsaretypicalof the claimsofallclassmembers.Plaintiffsareincensedby the treatmenttheyhavereceivedandwillaggressivelypursuetheiraswellas the class'sinterests.Plaintiffs'interests in obtaininginjunctivereliefandmonetarydamagesfor the violationsof the above-mentionedfederalstatutesareconsistentwithandnotantagonistictothoseofanypersonwithin the class.(e) The commonquestionsoflawandfactinclude:(i)whetherDefendanthadapolicy,practiceorproceduretorejecthomeloanapplicationson the basisof the applicants'raceoron the basisof the racialcompositionof the neighborhoods in whichtheirpropertieswerelocated;(ii)whether the conductallegedhereinis in violationofTitle42U.S.C.§§1981and1982;42U.S.C.§3605and15U.S.C.343.Becauseof the Defendant'smaliciousrefusaltodealwithPlaintiffsanditspolicyof·discriminationagainstPlaintiffsbecauseofraceorcolor,Plaintiffsclaimpunitiveorexemplarydamages.WHEREFORE,PlaintiffsaskjUdgmentagainstDefendantfor:(a)Actualdamages in anamounttobeprovedattrial;(b)Compensatorydamages in anamounttobeprovedattrial;(c)Punitivedamages;(d)Appropriateinjunctiverelief;(e)Reasonableattorneys'feesandcostsofsuit;and(f)Furtherreliefasthis Court deemsjustandproper.SELMAS.BUYCKS-ROBERSON; ... 33.Plaintiffspossessedadequateincomeandassetsandhadadequatecr~dithistorytoqualifyfor the loansrequested, the valueand/or the e~itytheyhad in theirpropertiesweresufficienttosupport the loans,andDefendantwasawareofthosefacts.34.Defendant'sdiscriminationagainstPlaintiffswasintentionalandwillful.WHEREFORE,eachPlaintiffasksjUdgmentagainstDefendantfor:(a)Actualdamages in anamounttobeprovedattrial;(b)Compensatorydamages in anamounttobeprovedattrial;(c)Punitivedamages,notexceeding the lesserof$500,000oronepercentumof the networthof the Defendant;(d)Appropriateinjunctiverelief;(e)Reasonableattorneys'fees·andcostsofsuit;and(f)Furtherreliefasthis court deemsjustandproper.COUNTIIFAIRHOUSINGACT35.Plaintiffsadoptandreallege~~1through28ofthisComplaintandincorporatethembyreferenceas~35ofCountII.36.Thisclaimisbroughtunder the FairHousingAct,42U.S.C.§§3601,et~section3613(a)(1)(A)ofthisActallowsacivilactiontobebroughtbyanypersondamaged.under the Act.sections3605(a)and(b)(1)providesthatitshallbeunlawfulforanypersonorentitywhosebusinessincludesengaging in residentialreal-estate-relatedtransactionsto8JURISDICTIONANDVENUE2.Jurisdictionofthis court arisesunder28U.S.C.§1343(a)(4),42U.S.C.§3613(a)(1)(A)and15U.S.C.§1691e(f).3.Venueisproper in the NorthernDistrictofIllinoissincesomeof the actsandtransactionscomplainedofoccurred in thisdistrict. THE PARTIES4.PlaintiffSelmaS.Buycks-RobersonisanAfrican-Americancitizenof the unitedStateswhoresides in Broadview,Illinois.5.PlaintiffReneeBrooksisanAfrican-Americancitizenof the unitedStateswhoresides in Chicago,Illinois.6.PlaintiffCalvinR.RobersonisanAfrican-Americancitizenof the unitedStateswhoresides in Chicago,Illinois.7.Defendantcitibankisafederalsavingsbankthatoffersresidentialmortgageloans("homeloans").CLASSACTIONSALLEGATIONS8.(a)Plaintiffsarecitibankhomeloanapplicants;theybringthisactiononbehalfofthemselvesandallotherAfrican-Americanhomeloanapplicantssimilarlysituated.ThisactionisbroughtasaclassactionpursuanttoRule23(b)(2)andRule23(b)(3)of the FederalRulesofCivilProcedure.(b) The classconsistsofallAfrican-AmericanswhofiledapplicationsforhomeloanstocitibankandwererejectedonorafterJuly6,1992becausetheyareAfrican-Americanand/or2§1691(a);and(iii)whetherPlaintiffsareentitledtoanawardofactual,compensatoryorpunitivedamages.(f) The wrongfulconductallegedhereinhasbeentakengenerallyagainstallmembersof the class in thatAfrican-Americanhomeloanapplicantshavehadtheirloanapplicationsrejectedon the basisoftheirraceorcolor,orbecauseof the racialcompositionof the neighborhoods in whichtheirpropertieswerelocated,orboth,pursuantto the policies,practicesorproceduresofDefendant.(g) The commonquestionsoffactandlawpredominateoverquestionsaffectingonlyindividualclassmembers.(h)Aclassactionissuperiortootheravailablemethodsfor the fairandefficientadjudicationof the controversy in that:(i)amUltiplicityofsuitswithconsequentburdenon the courtsandDefendantshouldbeavoided;and(ii)itwouldbeundulyburdensomeforallclassmemberstointerveneasparties-plaintiffs in thisaction. THE FACTSMs.Buycks-Roberson9.OnoraboutApril4,1992,PlaintiffSelmaBuycks-Robersonappliedforahomeloanofapproximately$43,700fromcitibank.10. The purposeof the loanwastorefinanceanexistingmortgageofapproximately$43,500onMs.Buycks-Roberson'shome,locatedat2057South25thAvenue in Broadview,Illinois.11. The propertythatMs.Buycks-Robersonattemptedtorefinanceislocated in aneighborhood in which the African-4because the racialcompositionof the neighborhoods in whichtheirpropertieswerelocatedwaspredominantlyAfrican-American.(c) The classissonumerousthatjoinderofallpersonsisimpracticable.PlaintiffsareinformedandbelievethatmanyhomeloanapplicationstoDefendantbyAfrican-Americanswereillegallyrejected.Oninformationandbelief,Defendantrejected the homeloanapplicationsofmanydozensofAfrican-Americanapplicantsbecauseoftheirraceorcolor,and/orbecauseof the racialcompositionof the neighborhoods in whichtheirpropertieswerelocated.(d)Plaintiffswillfairlyandadequatelyprotect the interestsofallclassmembers,astheyaremembersof the classandtheirclaimsaretypicalof the claimsofallclassmembers.Plaintiffsareincensedby the treatmenttheyhavereceivedandwillaggressivelypursuetheiraswellas the class'sinterests.Plaintiffs'interests in obtaininginjunctivereliefandmonetarydamagesfor the violationsof the above-mentionedfederalstatutesareconsistentwithandnotantagonistictothoseofanypersonwithin the class.(e) The commonquestionsoflawandfactinclude:(i)whetherDefendanthadapolicy,practiceorproceduretorejecthomeloanapplicationson the basisof the applicants'raceoron the basisof the racialcompositionof the neighborhoods in whichtheirpropertieswerelocated;(ii)whether the conductallegedhereinis in violationofTitle42U.S.C.§§1981and1982;42U.S.C.§3605and15U.S.C.343.Becauseof the Defendant'smaliciousrefusaltodealwithPlaintiffsanditspolicyof·discriminationagainstPlaintiffsbecauseofraceorcolor,Plaintiffsclaimpunitiveorexemplarydamages.WHEREFORE,PlaintiffsaskjUdgmentagainstDefendantfor:(a)Actualdamages in anamounttobeprovedattrial;(b)Compensatorydamages in anamounttobeprovedattrial;(c)Punitivedamages;(d)Appropriateinjunctiverelief;(e)Reasonableattorneys'feesandcostsofsuit;and(f)Furtherreliefasthis Court deemsjustandproper.SELMAS.BUYCKS-ROBERSON;...
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