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prime minister and i episode 2 eng

Metal Machining - Theory and Applications Episode 2 Part 11 ppt

Metal Machining - Theory and Applications Episode 2 Part 11 ppt

Kĩ thuật Viễn thông

... optimization 28 5, 28 7for cutting force reduction 115, 116, 25 8– 62 Tool lifecriteria for 130–1 and machine stiffness 134for maximum productivity 24 –7, 30 2 for minimum cost 27 – 32 monitoring ... 322 –3fault diagnosis with 323 –4feed-rate optimization by 320 2 reasons for 318 20 Model-based quantitative monitoring and integration with process planning 313 and optimization of machining 315–16tool ... in 27 1 2 times and costs 30 2 tool angle definitions 40–1Minimum cost 27 – 32, 28 8–90Minor cutting edge 183–4Model-based systems for simulation and controldimensional error limitation by 322 –3fault...
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Metal Machining - Theory and Applications Episode 2 Part 10 pot

Metal Machining - Theory and Applications Episode 2 Part 10 pot

Kĩ thuật Viễn thông

... 24 27 25 29 austenitic stainless 14–17 15–18 17 21 22 25 26 29 high manganese 14 16 19 21 22 Aluminiumpure, 1000 series 20 0 24 0 20 0 23 0 20 0 22 5 190 22 0 – 20 00 to 7000 series 120 –190 160 20 0 ... 310.04–0 .25 C 52 60 48–54 42 45 35–37 29 –300 .25 –0.8C 51– 52 46–48 39– 42 33–35 29 –300.8–1.2C 45–51 42 46 37–39 32 33 27 29 low alloy 25 –49 30–45 32 40 30–35 27 –30ferritic stainless 21 24 22 25 23 26 24 27 ... 5.8–6 .2 austenitic stainless 3.5–4.5 4 .2 4.7 4.5–4.8 5 .2 5.5 5.6–5.9high manganese 3.9 4.6 – – –Aluminiumpure, 1000 series 2. 4 2. 7 2. 6 2. 8 2. 6 2. 9 2. 6 2. 9 – 20 00 to 7000 series 2. 1 2. 8 2. 5–3.1...
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Metal Machining - Theory and Applications Episode 2 Part 9 doc

Metal Machining - Theory and Applications Episode 2 Part 9 doc

Kĩ thuật Viễn thông

... equationEquation (A2 .21 ), after differentiation with respect to x, y and z, and equation (A2 .23 ) aresubstituted into I e(T) of equation A2.19. The variation of I e(T) with respect to T i , Tj, Tk and ... Appendix 2 Childs Part 3 31:3 :20 00 10: 42 am Page 360 imposing a hydrostatic pressure on the deviatoric stress field. Its size, from slip line fieldmodelling, p 2 in equation (A3.11) with 2y ≈ ... u˘xin the x-direction.Selected problems, with convection 355Fig. A2 .2 Some problems relevant to machining: (a) surface heating of a stationary semi-infinite solid; (b) an infinitesolid moving...
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Metal Machining - Theory and Applications Episode 2 Part 8 pptx

Metal Machining - Theory and Applications Episode 2 Part 8 pptx

Kĩ thuật Viễn thông

... material is negligible, the integration of the equilibrium and compatibility equations, under the constraint of the constitutive equations, is simplified bydescribing the stresses and velocities ... slip-line fields are given in Section A1 .2. 5.A1 .2. 4 Further considerationsSlip-line fields must satisfy more than the force and velocity conditions considered inSections A1 .2. 2 and A1 .2. 3. First, ... slip line, but only if it is of constant size along the line. It is not implied thatthere is a discontinuity in the condition of the example described here: examples of actualmachining slip-line...
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Metal Machining - Theory and Applications Episode 2 Part 7 ppt

Metal Machining - Theory and Applications Episode 2 Part 7 ppt

Kĩ thuật Viễn thông

... little intelligence to assist decision making. For this purpose,expert systems for determining initial cutting conditions and cutting state monitoring tech-nologies are increasingly being implemented. ... questions, initially in terms of principal stresses and strains(Figure A1.1) concerning (i) what combinations of principal stresses s1, s 2 , and s3willcause yielding of a metal; (ii) if ... combined with equilibrium and compatibility equations and boundary condi-tions. If the flow is in plane strain conditions and when a metal’s elastic responses and work hardening can be ignored,...
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Metal Machining - Theory and Applications Episode 2 Part 6 pot

Metal Machining - Theory and Applications Episode 2 Part 6 pot

Kĩ thuật Viễn thông

... to or instead of heuristic (qualitative) expertise. Then theOptimization of machining conditions 29 3Childs Part 3 31:3 :20 00 10:38 am Page 29 3 where MT1is extreme finishing, MT 2 finishing, ... constraint.Optimization of machining conditions 303Fig. 9 .21 Fuzzification of a numerical value x¯Fig. 9 .22 Fuzzification of a qualitative term, e.g. machining type (Chen et al., 1995)Childs Part ... 3 31:3 :20 00 10:39 am Page 29 8 Pattern recognition with artificial neural networksIt is now known that linear classification, with linear discriminant functions, has onlylimited use in pattern...
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Metal Machining - Theory and Applications Episode 2 Part 5 ppsx

Metal Machining - Theory and Applications Episode 2 Part 5 ppsx

Kĩ thuật Viễn thông

... Critical constraintsA constraint, the limit line of which contains the optimum point MVor Md, is called a crit-ical constraint and the limit line a critical line. Two critical constraints ... R∼ i with membership functions10 ≤ g i (x) ≤ gic–gic+– g i (x)m i (g i (x)) ={————— gic–< g i (x) ≤ gic+(9.32a)g i c+– gic–0 gic+< g i (x)Optimization of machining conditions ... This is why the tool and cutting conditions must be optimized simultaneously. Thesimultaneous optimization of tool and cutting conditions is described later, in Section9.3.4.9.3 .2 Fuzzy logic...
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Metal Machining - Theory and Applications Episode 2 Part 4 pptx

Metal Machining - Theory and Applications Episode 2 Part 4 pptx

Kĩ thuật Viễn thông

... path is a straight line (as in Figure 9 .2( a)), it is clear which dimension isProcess models 26 9Fig. 9 .2 Milling process: (a) coordinates and angles in a slice by slice model and (b) the effective ... plasticCutting edge design 25 9Fig. 8 .28 Rake face geometries of types I and II cut-away toolsFig. 8 .29 Equivalent plastic strain rate distribution and chip configuration when machining 18%Mn–18%Cr ... coefficient given by the differentiation of the fric-tion characteristic, equation (2. 24c). A further complication in description arises when achip flows into a cut-away groove in a primary...
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Metal Machining - Theory and Applications Episode 2 Part 3 pot

Metal Machining - Theory and Applications Episode 2 Part 3 pot

Kĩ thuật Viễn thông

... 2 (Figure 2. 23). The deposition of sulphide and other non-metallic inclusions on 24 0 Applications of finite element analysisFig. 8.11 Isotherms near the cutting tip, cutting conditions as Figure ... equivalentplastic strain; and (c) σxin continuous chip formationChilds Part 2 28:3 :20 00 3:16 pm Page 23 6 24 8 Applications of finite element analysisFig. 8.17continuedChilds Part 2 28:3 :20 00 ... machining of a different b-brass, in conditions which give continuous chip formation (Usui et al., 1990); and (3)serrated chip formation in machining a Ti-6Al-4V alloy (Obikawa and Usui, 1996)....
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Metal Machining - Theory and Applications Episode 2 Part 2 pps

Metal Machining - Theory and Applications Episode 2 Part 2 pps

Kĩ thuật Viễn thông

... flow-chart of the iterative convergence methodChilds Part 2 28:3 :20 00 3:15 pm Page 21 3 22 8 Applications of finite element analysisFig. 8.1continuedChilds Part 2 28:3 :20 00 3:16 pm Page 22 8 path closely ... stress modelling 22 3Childs Part 2 28:3 :20 00 3:15 pm Page 22 3 The mesh is highly refined in the primary and secondary shear zones, in line with theconsiderations of Chapter 6.The friction boundary ... conditionsChilds Part 2 28:3 :20 00 3:15 pm Page 21 4 at 75 m/min (Figure 8.1(b)) which shows strain rates steadily decreasing with increasingdistance from the cutting edge.The distribution...
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Metal Machining - Theory and Applications Episode 2 Part 1 potx

Metal Machining - Theory and Applications Episode 2 Part 1 potx

Kĩ thuật Viễn thông

... by alimiting strain, limiting energy or limiting displacement condition? Figure 7.7 shows theearliest example (Strenkowski and Carrol, 1985), which used a strain-based separationcriterion. ... flow: the[B] matrix requires continued updating. This leads to geometrical non-linearities in additionto material non-linearities in the finite element equations. In extreme cases it may becomenecessary ... Plasticity introduces some changes and large deformations require morecare in the detail.Rigid–plastic or elastic–plastic modellingIn plastic flow conditions, such as occur in machining and...
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Gear Noise and Vibration Episode 2 Part 1 ppsx

Gear Noise and Vibration Episode 2 Part 1 ppsx

Kĩ thuật Viễn thông

... intermittent, random,or irregular vibration will behave like random vibration and average to zero.Even powerful vibration such as engine inertia and firing effectsfrom a 4-cylinder ... variation.9.7 Band and line filtering and resynthesisIn many vibration signals there are present vibration components,often quite large, which are irrelevant to the investigation. ... pattern. This technique is sometimes used inchain drives if the customer is irritated by a steady whine.9 .2 Problem identificationFrom what has been said in section 9.1 the...
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Gear Noise and Vibration Episode 2 Part 1 docx

Gear Noise and Vibration Episode 2 Part 1 docx

Kĩ thuật Viễn thông

... intermittent, random,or irregular vibration will behave like random vibration and average to zero.Even powerful vibration such as engine inertia and firing effectsfrom a 4-cylinder ... complications ifthere are other significant vibrations at neighbouring frequencies.Another technique sometimes mentioned is correlation (orwhitewashing) which consists of multiplying a signal ... frequencies.powereffectivebandwidthpower distribution at all frequenciesfrequencyFig 9.5 Frequency analysis with finite bandwidth. 150Chapter 9original signalwindow shapesignal finally analysedFig...
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Gear Noise and Vibration Episode 2 Part 2 pptx

Gear Noise and Vibration Episode 2 Part 2 pptx

Kĩ thuật Viễn thông

... easypossibilities. As often in engineering there is a law of diminishing returns and it is only possible to get dramatic 10 dB or 15 dB reductions in the initialstages.10 .2 Improving ... naturalfrequency and size should remain constant. Typically a 25 % increase in alldimensions should give a 20 % reduction in natural frequencies providedgeometric similarity is maintained. ... problem is and what the financial implications are of a given set ofchanges. In the middle of a high adrenaline situation with installation designblaming "lousy gears" and...
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Gear Noise and Vibration Episode 2 Part 2 ppt

Gear Noise and Vibration Episode 2 Part 2 ppt

Kĩ thuật Viễn thông

... easypossibilities. As often in engineering there is a law of diminishing returns and it is only possible to get dramatic 10 dB or 15 dB reductions in the initialstages.10 .2 Improving ... understanding ofwhat the problem is and what the financial implications are of a given set ofchanges. In the middle of a high adrenaline situation with installation designblaming ... vibrations. As with all 3-dimensionalisolation it is important that lateral or vertical vibration and torsionalvibration modes are decoupled to prevent interactions. This is...
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