... encourage you to reproduce it and use it in your efforts to improve public health. Citation of the NationalInstitute of Mental Health as a source is ap-preciated. However, using government materials ... help people with depression. 19Women and Depression U.S. DEPARTMENT OFHEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes ofHealth NIH Publication No. 09 4779 Revised 2009 How does depression ... last month of pregnancy to minimize the newborn’s withdrawal symptoms, and aer delivery, return to a full dose during the vulnerable postpartum period. National Instituteof Mental Health 14...
... Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development’’; (7) in the heading of subpart 7 of part C of title IV (42 U.S.C. 285g et seq.), by striking the term ‘ NationalInstitute of ... ‘‘Eunice Kennedy Shriver NationalInstituteof Child Health and Human Development’’; (4) in section 409D(c)(1) (42 U.S.C. 284h(c)(1)), by striking ‘ NationalInstituteof Child Health and Human Development’’ ... Kennedy Shriver NationalInstituteof Child Health and Human Development’’; (5) in section 424(c)(3)(B)(vi) (42 U.S.C. 285b–7(c)(3)(B)(vi)), by striking ‘ NationalInstituteof Child Health and...
... of this issue: “A small number of flaws in software programs are responsible for the vast majority of successful Internet attacks…. A few software vulnerabilities account for the majority of ... None of these tests by themselves will provide a complete picture of the network or its security posture. Table 3.1 at the end of this section summarizes the strengths and weaknesses of each ... organization to alert other security officers, management, and users that network mapping is taking place. Since a number of these test mimic some of the signs of attack, the appropriate manages...
... of the problem, the objectives of the study, thedefinition of the event and unit of observation, characterization of the system,sources of data, selection of controls, and characteristics of ... www.nap.edu.Animals as Sentinels ofEnvironmentalHealth Hazards Committee on Animals as Monitors ofEnvironmental Hazards, Board on EnvironmentalStudies and Toxicology, National Research Council ... Sentinels ofEnvironmentalHealth Hazards presents an overview of animal-monitoring programs, including detailed case studiesof how animal health problems such as the effects of DDT on wild...
... cause of the collapses of the Twin Towers. Specifically, Jones has written a peer-reviewed paper challenging the findings of NIST’s WTC Report, available at: http://www.journalof91 1studies. org/articles/Why%20Indeed%20Did%20the%20WTC%20Buildings%20Completely%20Collapse%20Jones%20Thermite%20World%20Trade%20Center%20J24.pdf ... severe damage results for comparison purposes. The details of the less severe damage estimates can be found in NationalInstituteof Standards and Technology (NIST) NCSTAR 1-2B.” (NCSTAR 1-2, ... the impact of jet airliners plus the resulting fires were the only cause of the collapse of the Twin Towers. The specific revisions needed include: a. Revise the stated goal of the WTC Report...
... out of level up to three degrees or 5 %. If the accuracy of the system is affected by out -of- level conditions normal to the use of the device, the system shall be equipped with an out -of- level ... U. S. Department of Commerce Carlos M. Gutierrez, Secretary Technology Administration Robert Cresanti, Under Secretary of Commerce for Technology National Instituteof Standards and ... their latest form, all of the current codes as adopted by the National Conference on Weights and Measures (NCWM), Inc.1 NCWM is supported by the NationalInstituteof Standards and Technology...
... its mission.17U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTHANDHUMANSERVICES National Institutes ofHealth National Instituteof General Medical SciencesNATIONAL INSTITUTEOF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCESSTRATEGIC ... 2008–2012NIGMS staff and contractors, October 2006.Courtesy of Bill Branson, National Institutes of Health. REFERENCES National Instituteof General Medical Sciences | Strategic Plan 2008–20128s ... NIGMSlarge grant programs.8$189MILLIONU.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes ofHealth National Instituteof General Medical SciencesNIH Publication No. 08-6376January...
... analysis of national needs and priorities. STEP recommended that the White House Office of Science and Technology and the Office of Management and Budget lead an3NSF, National Patterns of R&D ... such as inflammation and substrate me-tabolism. Indeed, recent initiatives of the National Institutes ofHealth and the National Science Foundation, as well as private foundations, have already ... Trends in Federal Support of Research and Graduate Education. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 2001.Future R&D EnvironmentsA Report for the NationalInstituteof Standards and TechnologyCommittee...
... 2576–2583.117)Hirano,S.(2008) Health effects of nanoparticlesand nanomaterials (I) recentoverview ofhealth ef-fects of nanopartocles. Jpn. J. Hyg., 63, 36–41 (inJapanese).118)Fujitani, Y. and Hirano, S. (2008) Health ... 860–8555,Japan,cDepartment of Prevention and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, K umamoto University, 1–1–1 Honjo, Ku-mamoto 860–8556, Japan,dDepartment ofHealth Sciences, Faculty of Medi cal ... addresses health issue due to inferior indoorair quality from the viewpoint ofenvironmental hy-giene, but it is not sufficient. Continuous effortsshould be made to improve the healthof both of theindividuals...
... type of pollutants. Effective accumu- lators of pollutants are mollusks, often applied as bioin- dicators of water pollution with heavy metals [55,56]. The properties of some populations of ... enable us to estimate the level ofenvironmental pollution [35-37]. A method of bioindicatory assessment of forest health was developed in the 1980s. The effects of pollu- tion are determined ... are used more and more often to determine the level ofenvironmental pollution. Being components of ecosystems, they can provide valuable information on the degree ofenvironmental degradation...
... with other studiesof the prevalence of health conditions among Hispanic children.3,4,5Prevalence of Children with Special Health Care NeedsThe National Survey of Children with Special Health ... 37 percent of CSHCN in povertyreceive services compared to 22 percent of children with familyincomes of 400 percent of poverty or more. Health Insurance CoverageThe National Survey of Children ... citation:U.S. Department ofHealth and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau. The National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs...
... thepopulation.Thenumberofwomensherepresentsinthepopulationiscalledher‘‘samplingweight.’’Samplingweightsmayvaryconsiderablyfromthisaveragevaluedependingontherespondent’srace,theresponserateforsimilarwomen,andotherfactors.Aswithanysamplesurvey,theestimatesinthisreportaresubjecttosamplingvariability.SignificancetestsonNSFGdatashouldbedonetakingthesamplingdesignintoaccount.Nonsamplingerrorswereminimizedbystringentquality-controlproceduresthatincludedthoroughinterviewertraining,checkingtheconsistencyofanswersduringandaftertheinterview,imputingmissingdata,andadjustingthesamplingweightsfornonresponseandundercoveragetomatchnationaltotals.Estimatesofsamplingerrorsandotherstatisticalaspectsofthesurveyaredescribedinmoredetailinanotherseparatereport(13).Thisreportshowsfindingsbycharacteristicsofthewomaninterviewed,includingherage,maritalstatus,education,parity,householdincomedividedbythepovertylevel,andraceandHispanicorigin.IthasbeenshownthatblackandHispanicwomenhavemarkedlylowerlevelsofincome,education,andaccesstohealthcareandhealthinsurance,thanwhitewomen(14).Theseandotherfactors,ratherthanraceororiginperse,probablyaccountfordifferencesinthebehaviorsandoutcomesstudiedinthisreportamongwhite,black,andHispanicwomen(15).TableBshowsafactorthatshouldbeconsideredininterpretingtrendsinpregnancy-relatedbehaviorintheUnitedStates:thechangingagecompositionofthereproductive-agepopulation.In1982,therewere54.1millionwomenofreproductiveageintheUnitedStates;in1988,57.9million;andin1995,60.2million(16).Thelargebabyboomcohort,bornbetween1946and1964,was18–34yearsofagein1982,24–42yearsofagein1988,and31–49yearsofagein1995.Theselargebirthcohortswerepreceded(upto1945)andfollowed(1965–80)bysmallercohorts.Whiletheoverallnumberofwomen15–44yearsofageroseby6million,or11percentbetween1982and1995,thenumberofteenagewomendroppedbyabout6percent,thenumberofwomen20–24yearsofagedroppedby15percent,andthenumberofwomen25–29droppedby6percent(tableB).Incontrast,thenumberofwomen30–44yearsofageincreasedsharply—forexample,thenumberofwomen40–44yearsofageincreasedby59percentbetween1982and1995.Also,women30–44yearsofageaccountedfor54percentofwomen15–44yearsofagein1995comparedwith44percentin1982.Thesedifferencesinagecompositionmayberelevantwhenevertimetrendsamongwomen15–44yearsofagearebeingdiscussed.Publicusefilesbasedonthe1995NSFGareavailableoncomputertape.TheywillalsobeavailableonCompactDiscRead-OnlyMemory(CD-ROM).QuestionsaboutthecostandavailabilityofthecomputertapesshouldbedirectedtotheNationalTechnicalInformationService(NTIS),5285PortRoyalRoad,Springfield,VA22161,703–487-4650,or1–800-553-NTIS.QuestionsregardingtheCD-ROMfilesshouldbedirectedtoNCHS’DataDisseminationBranchat301–436-8500.ResultsTables1–17containmeasuresofpregnancyandbirthintheUnitedStates.ChildrenEverBornandTotalBirthsExpectedIn1995,women15–44yearsofageintheUnitedStateshadhadanaverageof1.2birthsperwoman(table1).Thiscompareswith1.2in1988and1.3in1982(17).In1995,women15–44yearsofageexpectedtofinishtheirchildbearingwithanaverageof2.2childrenperwoman(table1)comparedwith2.2in1988and2.4in1982(17).Theproportionwhoreportthattheyhaveneverbeenpregnantwasmarkedlyhigherforcollegegraduatesthanforthosewhodidnotcompletehighschool(table3).Thissamepatternbyeducationisalsoseenwhendataforlivebirthsareexamined(tables4–5):about49percentofwomen22–44yearsofagewhohadgraduatedfromcollegehadhadnolivebirthsasofthedateofinterviewcomparedwithjust8percentofwomen22–44yearsofagewithoutahighschooldiploma(table4).WithinraceandHispanicorigingroups,thepatternwasthesame:collegegraduateshadmarkedlyhigherpercentschildlessthanwomenwithlesseducation(table5).Table6showsacomparisonbetweenlivebirthsreportedintheNSFGandlivebirthsregisteredonbirthcertificatesintheyears1991–94.Ineachindividualcalendaryearandforthesumoftheyears1991–94,theNSFGestimateofthenumberofbirthsisveryclosetothebirthcertificatetotalanddiffersfromitbylessthantheNSFG’ssamplingerror.TheNSFGestimateisalsoverycloseforwhitewomen.TheNSFGestimateforblackwomenisslightlylower,andtheestimateforotherracessomewhathigherthanthebirthcertificatedata.Adiscussionofthisdifferenceisgiveninthedefinitionof‘‘RaceandHispanicorigin’’inthe‘‘DefinitionsofTerms.’’Overall,andbycharacteristicsotherthanrace,however,table6showsthatTableB.Numberofwomen,byage:UnitedStates,1982,1988,and1995Age¬ ... thepopulation.Thenumberofwomensherepresentsinthepopulationiscalledher‘‘samplingweight.’’Samplingweightsmayvaryconsiderablyfromthisaveragevaluedependingontherespondent’srace,theresponserateforsimilarwomen,andotherfactors.Aswithanysamplesurvey,theestimatesinthisreportaresubjecttosamplingvariability.SignificancetestsonNSFGdatashouldbedonetakingthesamplingdesignintoaccount.Nonsamplingerrorswereminimizedbystringentquality-controlproceduresthatincludedthoroughinterviewertraining,checkingtheconsistencyofanswersduringandaftertheinterview,imputingmissingdata,andadjustingthesamplingweightsfornonresponseandundercoveragetomatchnationaltotals.Estimatesofsamplingerrorsandotherstatisticalaspectsofthesurveyaredescribedinmoredetailinanotherseparatereport(13).Thisreportshowsfindingsbycharacteristicsofthewomaninterviewed,includingherage,maritalstatus,education,parity,householdincomedividedbythepovertylevel,andraceandHispanicorigin.IthasbeenshownthatblackandHispanicwomenhavemarkedlylowerlevelsofincome,education,andaccesstohealthcareandhealthinsurance,thanwhitewomen(14).Theseandotherfactors,ratherthanraceororiginperse,probablyaccountfordifferencesinthebehaviorsandoutcomesstudiedinthisreportamongwhite,black,andHispanicwomen(15).TableBshowsafactorthatshouldbeconsideredininterpretingtrendsinpregnancy-relatedbehaviorintheUnitedStates:thechangingagecompositionofthereproductive-agepopulation.In1982,therewere54.1millionwomenofreproductiveageintheUnitedStates;in1988,57.9million;andin1995,60.2million(16).Thelargebabyboomcohort,bornbetween1946and1964,was18–34yearsofagein1982,24–42yearsofagein1988,and31–49yearsofagein1995.Theselargebirthcohortswerepreceded(upto1945)andfollowed(1965–80)bysmallercohorts.Whiletheoverallnumberofwomen15–44yearsofageroseby6million,or11percentbetween1982and1995,thenumberofteenagewomendroppedbyabout6percent,thenumberofwomen20–24yearsofagedroppedby15percent,andthenumberofwomen25–29droppedby6percent(tableB).Incontrast,thenumberofwomen30–44yearsofageincreasedsharply—forexample,thenumberofwomen40–44yearsofageincreasedby59percentbetween1982and1995.Also,women30–44yearsofageaccountedfor54percentofwomen15–44yearsofagein1995comparedwith44percentin1982.Thesedifferencesinagecompositionmayberelevantwhenevertimetrendsamongwomen15–44yearsofagearebeingdiscussed.Publicusefilesbasedonthe1995NSFGareavailableoncomputertape.TheywillalsobeavailableonCompactDiscRead-OnlyMemory(CD-ROM).QuestionsaboutthecostandavailabilityofthecomputertapesshouldbedirectedtotheNationalTechnicalInformationService(NTIS),5285PortRoyalRoad,Springfield,VA22161,703–487-4650,or1–800-553-NTIS.QuestionsregardingtheCD-ROMfilesshouldbedirectedtoNCHS’DataDisseminationBranchat301–436-8500.ResultsTables1–17containmeasuresofpregnancyandbirthintheUnitedStates.ChildrenEverBornandTotalBirthsExpectedIn1995,women15–44yearsofageintheUnitedStateshadhadanaverageof1.2birthsperwoman(table1).Thiscompareswith1.2in1988and1.3in1982(17).In1995,women15–44yearsofageexpectedtofinishtheirchildbearingwithanaverageof2.2childrenperwoman(table1)comparedwith2.2in1988and2.4in1982(17).Theproportionwhoreportthattheyhaveneverbeenpregnantwasmarkedlyhigherforcollegegraduatesthanforthosewhodidnotcompletehighschool(table3).Thissamepatternbyeducationisalsoseenwhendataforlivebirthsareexamined(tables4–5):about49percentofwomen22–44yearsofagewhohadgraduatedfromcollegehadhadnolivebirthsasofthedateofinterviewcomparedwithjust8percentofwomen22–44yearsofagewithoutahighschooldiploma(table4).WithinraceandHispanicorigingroups,thepatternwasthesame:collegegraduateshadmarkedlyhigherpercentschildlessthanwomenwithlesseducation(table5).Table6showsacomparisonbetweenlivebirthsreportedintheNSFGandlivebirthsregisteredonbirthcertificatesintheyears1991–94.Ineachindividualcalendaryearandforthesumoftheyears1991–94,theNSFGestimateofthenumberofbirthsisveryclosetothebirthcertificatetotalanddiffersfromitbylessthantheNSFG’ssamplingerror.TheNSFGestimateisalsoverycloseforwhitewomen.TheNSFGestimateforblackwomenisslightlylower,andtheestimateforotherracessomewhathigherthanthebirthcertificatedata.Adiscussionofthisdifferenceisgiveninthedefinitionof‘‘RaceandHispanicorigin’’inthe‘‘DefinitionsofTerms.’’Overall,andbycharacteristicsotherthanrace,however,table6showsthatTableB.Numberofwomen,byage:UnitedStates,1982,1988,and1995Age¬ ... 1995 National Survey of Family Growth.Vital Health Stat Series 2 (inpreparation).14. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Statisticalabstract of the United States, 1996.Washington: U.S. Department of Commerce....