introduction to fuzzy sets basic definitions and relations
introduction to fuzzy logic using matlab - sivanandam sumathi and deepa
... two fuzzy sets A and B find Complement, Union, ∼ ∼ Intersection, Difference, and De Morgan’s law 24 Classical Sets and Fuzzy Sets m m A ~ A ~ A A ~ ~ x Fuzzy set A and its complement ~ x Fuzzy ... Togai and Hiroyuki Watanabe at Bell Telephone Laboratories In the years to come fuzzy computers will employ both fuzzy hardware and fuzzy software, and they will be much closer in structure to ... Introduction to Fuzzy Logic using MATLAB S.N Sivanandam, S Sumathi and S.N Deepa Introduction to Fuzzy Logic using MATLAB With 304 Figures and 37 Tables 123 Dr S.N Sivanandam S N Deepa Professor and Head...
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an introduction to matrices, sets, and groups for science students
... The symbol denotes the mapping which sends I into ai' into a , into a3 and into a4 • If f=(~ ~ ~) ; and g =( ~ ; i :) find Ig and gl Each mapping (J and g) is a permutation of the numbers I, 2, ... students of science and engineering, and presents an elementary introduction to some of the major branches of modern algebra - namely, matrices, sets and groups Of these three topics, matrices are ... INTRODUCTION TO MATRICES, SETS AND GROUPS FOR SCIENCE STUDENTS CHAPTER Sets, Mappings and Transformations 1.1 Introduction The concept of a set of objects is one of the most fundamental in mathematics, and...
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Báo cáo y học: "introduction to special issue on Eye and Zoonosis – from the guest editors"
... of acquired and congenital infections in presumed ocular toxoplasmosis Am J Ophthalmol 2008;146:851-5) • Optical Coherence Tomography in ocular toxoplasmosis • Usefulness of vitrectomy in the ... ocular toxoplasmosis • Update on the treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis We hope that this special issue will be interesting to readers and provides researchers with timely update on various topics...
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Tài liệu Introduction to Java:13 AWT Exceptions and Errors pptx
... default Toolkit cannot be initialized or if you try to create a FileDialog within Netscape Navigator (since that program does not permit local file system access) When an AWTError is thrown and not ... caught, it will eventually propagate to the top level of the system 13.3.1 AWTError Method Constructor public AWTError (String message) The sole constructor creates an AWTError with a detail ... throws an AWTError if it is executed with this command: java -Dawt.toolkit=foo throwme The error occurs because the Java interpreter tries to use the toolkit foo, which does not exist (assuming that...
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An introduction to quantum field theory peskin and schroeder
... correspond to the factor je+ e;i the external muon lines correspond to h + ; j The vertices correspond to HI , and the internal photon line corresponds to the operator j ih j We have added vector indices ... According to the Feynman rules, each diagram can be translated directly into a contribution to M The rules assign a short algebraic factor to each element of a diagram, and the product of these factors ... Eqs (2.6), (2.7), and (2.8) To quantize the theory, we follow the same procedure as for any other dynamical system: We promote and to operators, and impose suitable commutation relations Recall...
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Jose m garrido introduction to computational modeling using c and open source tools
... have to be clearly understood and documented An essential modeling method is to use mathematical entities such as numbers, functions, and sets to describe properties and their relationships to ... Chapter 17 Using Vectors with the GSL 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Vectors and Operations 17.2.1 Addition of a Scalar and a Vector 17.2.2 Vector Addition ... Multiplication of a Vector and a Scalar 17.2.4 Dot Product of Two Vectors 17.2.5 Length (Norm) of a Vector 17.3 Vector Properties and Characteristics 17.3.1 Orthogonal Vectors ...
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INTRODUCTION TO CLASSICAL MECHANICS With Problems and Solutions pptx
... thc to n hc ny Nhng ni dung to n hc cn thit v ý ngha vt lý ca chỳng cng c tỏc gi trỡnh by mt cỏch ngn gn cỏc phn ph lc Chỳ ý rng, gii cỏc bi to n vt lý thỡ bn chc chn phi dựng n cụng c to n ... thụng tin t bi to n tỡm ba i lng ny, ú bn cú th chc chn rng bn cn thờm mt thụng tin na (gi s rng bi to n l gii c) Nú cú th l mt nh lut bo ton, hoc phng trỡnh ca nh lut II Newton F = ma, võn ... v lý thuyt, v cỏc hin tng c hc tng t cuc sng xut hin cỏc bi to n v quan hn l to cho sinh viờn mt s thớch thỳ nghiờn cu lm cỏc bi to n c hc Cun sỏch cng cung cp khong 350 bi (khụng cú li gii)...
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an introduction to numerical analysis for electrical and computer engineers - wiley
... Problems An Introduction to MATLAB 565 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Startup 13.3 Some Basic Operators, Operations, and Functions 13.4 Working with Polynomials 13.5 Loops 13.6 Plotting and M-Files References ... Data: Zarowski, Christopher J An introduction to numerical analysis for electrical and computer engineers / Christopher J Zarowski p cm Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 0-471-46737-5 ... AN INTRODUCTION TO NUMERICAL ANALYSIS FOR ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERS TLFeBOOK TLFeBOOK AN INTRODUCTION TO NUMERICAL ANALYSIS FOR ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERS Christopher J Zarowski...
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introduction to statistics through resampling methods and microsoft office excel
... (boxplot, histogram, scatterplot, pie chart, and dotplot) • Select random samples And we showed how to expand Excel’s capabilities by downloading and installing add-ins The best way to summarize and review ... column and in the top cell (just below the label row) of the new column, we put the command =rand() We copied this command all the way down the column, using Windows’ standard cut and paste commands ... 6, and Chapters and on “Reporting Your Findings” and “Problem Solving” convert the text into an invaluable professional resource An Instructor’s Manual is available to qualified instructors and...
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an introduction to information theory- symbols signals and noise - john r. pierce
... course I would like to tell others what seems to me to be interesting and challenging in this important field It would have been difficult to this and to give any sense of unity to the account before ... understanding by studying words and their relations Rather, science looks for things in nature, including our human nature and activities, which can be grouped together and understood Such understanding ... spring corresponds to a capacitor, a mass to an inductor, and a dashpot or damper, such as that used in a door closer to keep the door from slamming, corresponds to a resistor In fact, network...
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sea ice an introduction to its physics chemistry biology and geology
... *2500 m), into the Greenland and Norwegian Seas to contribute either there, or further downstream, to deep water formation However, due to a sill depth of 600±800 m at the Greenland±Scotland Ridge ... version of the manuscript, and to the copy editor Caroline Savage We are grateful to the following institutions, individuals and publishers for permission to reproduce images and figures for which ... distribution and sea ice thickness as well as on the distribution of birds and animals Submarines and remotely operated, or autonomous, vehicles are the latest tools to be used for obtaining insight into...
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An Introduction to MEMs Engineering - Nadim Maluf and Kirt Williams Part 1 doc
... Micro; and Stephen Durant and Christopher Eide of Morrison and Foerster Evan Green and Carter Hand of New Focus were kind enough to review portions of the manuscript Thanks go to our editor, Mark ... Surface-Micromachined Variable Capacitors Bulk-Micromachined Variable Capacitors Micromachined Inductors Microelectromechanical Resonators Comb-Drive Resonators Beam Resonators Coupled-Resonator Bandpass Filters ... reader to the source of the material We also expanded the glossary to assist the novice in understanding and relating to a new terminology Many people provided us technical information and materials...
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An Introduction to MEMs Engineering - Nadim Maluf and Kirt Williams Part 2 pptx
... his hand, he continued to record his thoughts and feelings on what appeared to be a synthetic white pad The pen recognized the pattern of his handwriting and translated it to text for the laptop ... Asia, and Europe Solid-State Sensor and Actuator Workshop (Hilton-Head): held in even years in Hilton Head Island, South Carolina, and sponsored by the Transducers Research Foundation of Cleveland, ... his hand and translated his handwriting into text Another small accelerometer embedded in his pacemaker would enable him to play tennis again He also could write and draw at will because the storage...
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An Introduction to MEMs Engineering - Nadim Maluf and Kirt Williams Part 3 pps
... few nanometers to hundreds of microns Standard photoresist is spin-coated to a thickness of µm to1 0 µm, but special photoresists such as the epoxy-based SU-8 [6] can form layers up to 100 µm thick ... deposition, and spin-on methods are common techniques used to deposit uniform layers of semiconductors, metals, insulators, and polymers Lithography is a photographic process for printing images onto ... near 1,000ºC, Basic Process Tools 39 both PSG and BPSG soften and flow to conform with the underlying surface topography and to improve step coverage LTO films are used for passivation coatings...
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An Introduction to MEMs Engineering - Nadim Maluf and Kirt Williams Part 4 pptx
... basis of isotropy, etch medium, and selectivity of the etch to other materials Basic Process Tools Wet and Dry Etchants of Thin Metal Films and Dielectric Insulators Wet Etchants Etch Rate Dry ... 0º–20°C Etch rate 1–15 µm/min Sidewall angle 90° ± 2° Selectivity to photoresist ≥ 40 to ≥ 100 to Selectivity to SiO2 Basic Process Tools 53 Mask F + SFx Etch Silicon + nCFx Deposit polymer Polymer ... questionable Topographical Height Variations Changes in topography on the surface of the wafer, such as deep cavities and trenches, are common in MEMS and pose challenges to both resist spinning and imaging...
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An Introduction to MEMs Engineering - Nadim Maluf and Kirt Williams Part 5 doc
... structural polysilicon is sufficient to make many useful devices, and up to five polysilicon and five oxide layers are a standard process at Sandia National Laboratories of Albuquerque, New Mexico ... over free space or can overlap the bottom wafer (or both, as in this example) Freestanding actuator Top wafer Actuator overlaps bottom wafer Package Bottom wafer Figure 3.33 Scanning electron ... flushing away debris from the blank and electrode EDM has been used to create the tooling for molds and stamping tools, as well as final products such as nozzles and holes in microneedles Screen...
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An Introduction to MEMs Engineering - Nadim Maluf and Kirt Williams Part 6 pptx
... Compensation and correction 92 MEM Structures and Systems in Industrial and Automotive Applications Insulator N-type epitaxial layer Deposit insulator P-type substrate Silicon nitride Diffuse piezoresistors ... bonding, and dicing [8], and (b) nozzle formed by DRIE and wafer bonding (After: [9].) such as bumps and trenches (see Figure 4.5) The mandrel material must be electrically conducting to enable ... the mandrel Photoresist Mandrel Make mandrel, pattern photoresist Metal Electroplate metal Orifice Peel metal off Figure 4.5 Illustration of an electroformed nozzle process 88 MEM Structures and...
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An Introduction to MEMs Engineering - Nadim Maluf and Kirt Williams Part 7 pot
... insulator, sputter TaAl and Al, pattern Al and TaAl, pattern Al again to form resistor and conductive trace SiC/SiN passivation PECVD silicon nitride and silicon carbide passivation, pattern to ... micromachined actuators primarily in industrial and automotive applications—though it is well understood that with minor modifications, these actuators can be applied to other markets Inkjet heads and microvalves ... only from the resistor location to leave TaAl resistors The resistors and conductive traces are protected by layers of PECVD silicon nitride, which is an electrical insulator, and PECVD silicon...
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An Introduction to MEMs Engineering - Nadim Maluf and Kirt Williams Part 8 ppt
... deposited and patterned to provide bias and address electrodes, landing pads, and electrical interconnects to the underlying electronics Photoresist is spin deposited, exposed, developed, and hardened ... in Europe and Japan, where the bulk of the Actuators and Actuated Microsystems 127 development activities appears to be An application for micropumps is likely to be in the automated handling of ... MEM structures and systems used in industrial and automotive applications, including a number of micromachined sensors, actuators, and a few passive devices The basic sensing and actuation methods...
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An Introduction to MEMs Engineering - Nadim Maluf and Kirt Williams Part 9 pps
... unloaded actuator on the right-hand side is equal to the mass of the loaded actuator (left-hand side) and the mirror Externally applied in-plane accelerations cause equal but opposite torques on ... micrometers thick and is suspended using torsional flexures from a frame The inner and outer torsion flexures are 3.5 µm and µm wide, respectively; both are 150 µm long and 15 µm thick The Torsional ... light from the laser into two beams The first one travels through a calibrated etalon and is detected by a photodetector The second is detected directly by another photodetector and serves as an intensity...
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