... report on the useof Factored Translation Models for English- to- Arabic translation. 1 IntroductionArabic has a complex morphology compared to English. Words are inflected for gender, number,and ... sourcebenefits the performance of Arabic -to -English SMT.The use of similar techniques for English- to- ArabicSMT requires recombination of the target side intovalid surface forms, which is not ... (Koehn and Hoang,20 07) for English- to- Arabic translation. 2 Previous WorkThe only previous work on English- to- Arabic SMTthat we are aware of is by Sarikaya and Deng (20 07) .It uses shallow...
... meaningHelp learners to be aware of registerHelp learners to be aware of registerLook at word formationLook at word formationUse direct translation carefullyUse direct translation carefullyTeach ... useGive learners a reason for listeningGive learners a reason for listeningUse listening for pleasure tooUse listening for pleasure tooShow learners they don’t have to understand every wordShow ... need to listen tooTeach learners the strategies needed to control they input they getTeach learners the strategies needed to control they input they getConsider setting listening tasks for...
... wholenumbers (integers) that are formed by the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 and bythe combinations of them. For example, 2 47 – two hundred and forty seven - is anumber formed by three digits. ... 84. For a long time, this officials have been known throughout the country as political bosses and law enforces 85. The test administrator ordered we not to open our books until he told us to ... easier to perform the various mathematical operations ifdecimals are used instead of fractions. The main operations are: to add, subtract,multiply and divide; to square, cube, or raise to any...
... proves D science fiction stories V. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATON 66. Tom has the ability to be a professional musician, but he's too lazy to practice. A. He is able to practice music lessons ... He is rumoured to be rich but stringy 74 I don’t want to keep in touch with them any more A Not any longer I want to keep in touch with them B Not at more I want to keep in touch with them ... been to university, and people who have the right (70 )______ will have a big advantage in the competition for jobs. If you decide to go (71 )______ into a job, there are many opportunities for...
... out and compares the English terms with the Vietnamese ones to finds out appropriate Vietnamese equivalents for the English terms. The thesis aims to draw out common translation strategies ... applied in the English- Vietnamese translation of terms in materials for mechanical engineering. Hopefully, the result of the study would be useful in technical translation especially translation ... most basic engineering sciences and technical translation makes much contribution to its development. Technical term translation is part of technical translation, so it plays an important role...
... ‘REALLY’ takes to get your website on the 1st page in the Search Engines than 99% of those on the Net! Click here and download this amazing, free report today. 7 ... are more than welcome to use it yourself and see what you come up with. However, in order to get the most out of this little secret I suggest you go to the source I went to. A young Fella ... world-class soap makers rely on to make their best soaps. He also provides invaluable links to organizations, books and the best places online to get additional information. More info on "soap...
... invited to send their comments to: California State Board of EqualizationDocument Translations SectionP.O. Box 942 879 , MIC:19Sacramento, CA 94 279 For other helpful translations or for moreinformation ... nhịassetstài s nảauditki m to n, ki m traể ểaudit divisionphân b ki m to nộ ểauditorki m to n viênểBbad debtscác món n khó đòiợbalancengân kho n đ i chi u, k tả ố ế ế to nbank statementb ... the terms found in it should be understood to change the meaning of any provisions of law,regulations, or any other authoritative precedent. It is for informational assistance only.Publication...
... ‘REALLY’ takes to get your website on the 1st page in the Search Engines than 99% of those on the Net! Click here and download this amazing, free report today. 7 release… ... new book made just for people who love making their own soap or want to learn how to. The Body: It's not like any of those generic books you find at the bookstores. Ones with pretty ... are more than welcome to use it yourself and see what you come up with. However, in order to get the most out of this little secret I suggest you go to the source I went to. A young Fella...
... engineeringeffectively.In addition, translation studies and applications are also important in English languageteaching. Translation is really useful for teachers who teach Englishfor mechanical3 Hopefully, the thesis ... terminology. 1. In translation, such translation strategies may help the translator find it easier to translate English mechanical engineering terms into Vietnamese. He may combine two ormore translation ... translation procedures to find appropriate and common translation strategies 37 PART C: CONCLUSIONWe have carried out the study on the English- Vietnamese translation of terms inmaterials for...
... Childrenarepersonswhohavenotyetreachedanagewhentheyarelegallyconsideredtobecompetenttoprotecttheirownwelfare.ã FoodstobepromotedarethoseproductswhichconformtonationalandinternationaldietaryguidelinessupportingWHOsGlobalStrategytopreventobesityandchronicdisease.ã ... weaklyorinconsistentlyenforcedThisreportwillnotexploretheissuesofmonitoringandenforcement,althoughtheseareseriousconcernsthatneedtobeaddressedbypolicymakers.Atpresent,monitoringandcomplainthandlingbodiesdonotenforcecompanyledinitiatives.Alackofanindependentcomplaintmechanismcanleaveconsumersfrustrated,andalackofenforcementallowscompanyledinitiativestoberolledbackatanytime.Ifamonitoringandcomplainthandlingbodywereestablisheditwouldneedtogainconsumerconfidence,forwhichitwouldneed(a)tobetransparentinoperationwithroutineregularpublicationsoftheiractivities;(b)tobeindependentandfreefromindustryinfluence,andseentobeso;and(c)toensurethattheirservicesareeasilyandinexpensivelyaccessedbyconsumers.Penaltiesmustbecommensuratewiththesizeofthemarketingbudgetsinvolvedandwiththeestimatedexposureofchildrentotheoffendingcommercialmessages.Afurtherconcernistheneedtoensurethat,whateverthedifferencesindefinitionsorapproaches,allcompaniesshouldmakesomecommitmenttoofferselfrestraint.IntheEuropeanregiononly11companieshavejoinedthescheme,alongwiththeEuropeanSnacksAssociation.Severalmajorcompanies,includingMcDonalds,KFCandHaribo,andmanysmalleronesarenotincluded.ProblemsofdefinitionsCompanieschoosetherulestoimposeuponthemselves.Asaresulttherearelikelytobediscrepanciesandinconsistencies.HereweshalllookatsuchproblemsencounteredwithinthepledgesandpromisesandactivitiesundertakenbycompaniesintheEuropeanUnion.Whatageisachild?ThetablebelowprovidesexamplesofdefinitionsoftheagerangeforchildbycompaniesparticipatingintheEUpledgescheme.Pleasenotethattheinterpretationofacompanypolicycanbecomplex,andreadersareadvisedtocheckthecompanystatementsforthemselves(hyperlinksareprovided). ... 0‐12**≥50%ofaudiencemustbechildren;**≥35%ofaudiencemustbechildren;***≥30%ofaudiencemustbechildren.****≥25%ofaudiencemustbechildren.~unlessanadultispresent.~~unlessadultspredominate.+≥35% for someshowsand≥50% for others.++11 for printmedia,otherwise12.Whichproductscanbepromoted?IntheUSAalargenumberofcompany‐promotedmodelshavebeenproposed for definingthenutritionalcriteria for foods to bemarketed to children21andasimilarproblemhasariseninEurope.Thenexttablegivesexamplesofnutrientmethods for definingfoodsassuitable for marketing to children,asproposedbysomeofthecompaniesintheEUpledge:Table2Company‐setcriteria for foodstheycanmarket to childrenCompany...
... substituted ‘‘ and ’’ with ˝ to keep consistent with translation data. We used L2algorithm to train CRF.Data forTranslation We used the NIST trainingset for Chinese -English translation tasks excludingthe ... max rule length to 5. For the tree- to- string decoder, we set the configuration of ruleSystem Dev NIST08 Speedphrase 0.2843 0.3921 1.163tree 0. 278 6 0.38 17 1.1 07 tight 0.2914 0.39 87 1.208loose ... works aiming to introducelinguistic knowledge into the hierarchical phrase-based model. Marton and Resnik (2008) took thesource parse tree into account and added soft con-straints to hierarchical...
... wasachieved for Arabic -to -English translation. Birchet al. (20 07) also reported a significant improve-ment for Dutch -English translation by applyingCCG supertags at a word level to a factorized ... supertags for fine-grained tree -to- string rule extraction, ratherthan string -to- string translation (Hassan et al.,20 07; Birch et al., 20 07) .The Logon project2(Oepen et al., 20 07) for Norwegian -English ... managed to be tackled during extracting rules from an alignedforest-string pair: where to cut and how to cut.Equation 1 was used again to compute a frontiernode set to determine where to cut...