... by proposing a life- cyclemodel with individual income uncertainty that can be used to assess how various macroeconomic factors affect the equilibrium value of household credit The model describes ... organized as follows Section outlines the life- cyclemodel we use for our simulations Section describes the benchmark parameterization and solution of the model Section contains the results of simulations ... evidence The last section discusses areas for future research The model In this section we present a dynamic, life- cycle general equilibrium model with individual income uncertainty, which in many aspects...
... development tools required to design the product Figure 1.2 shows the embedded lifecycle from a different perspective This design tools view” of the development cycle highlights the variety ... economics and reality of a design requirement often force decisions to be made before designers can consider the best design trade-offs for the next project In fact, designers use the term “clean ... that compiler as well Figure 1.2: Tools used in the design process The embedded designcycle represented in terms of the tools used in the design process (courtesy of Dr Daniel Mann, AMD Fellow,...
... efficient experimental models This review focuses on the different in vitro models of HCV that have been developed and their contribution to our current knowledge of the virus lifecycle Around 10 years ... an easier model to conduct further analyses Parallel to the intensive research discussed thus far, other groups have developed surrogate models to investigate specific steps of HCV lifecycle HCV-like ... involvement of p7 and NS2 in HCV morphogenesis and release This recent in vitro model reproducing the entire lifecycle of HCV in Huh7 cell lines has enabled extensive research into various areas...
... Recovery Levels 2.6 Summary 2.7 References LifeCycleDesign and Management 3.1 LifeCycle Approach in Product Design 3.1.1 LifeCycleDesign 3.2 LifeCycleDesign Oriented toward Environmental Performance ... 29 Part I LifeCycle Approach LifeCycle Approach and the Product–System Concept and Modeling 2.1 LifeCycle Concept and Theory 2.1.1 LifeCycle Theory: General Concepts 2.1.2 LifeCycle Theory ... 2.4 LifeCycle Modeling 2.4.1 Approach to Environmental Performance 2.4.2 Modeling by Elementary Function or Activity 2.4.3 Typologies of Activity Models 2.5 Product Life Cycle: Reference Model...
... Environmental management: LifeCycle assessment Lifecycle impact assessment ISO 14043:2000 International Standard 2000 Environmental management: LifeCycle assessment Lifecycle interpretation ISO/TR ... Management LifeCycle Assessment LifeCycle Impact Assessment, ISO 14042:2000(E), International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, 2000 ISO 14043, Environmental Management LifeCycle Assessment Life ... of LifeCycle and Product–System The ISO standard definition of lifecycle also fully reflects the SETAC outline and the concepts discussed in previous chapters In fact, it defines the life cycle...
... integration of LifeCycle Cost Analysis and LifeCycle Assessment is fully entitled to be considered part of the integrated lifecycle approach known as LifeCycle Management Only when LifeCycle Management ... help the designer reduce the total cost of a product through the adoption of environmental strategies applicable to its lifecycle 6.5 Summary The lifecycle approach upon which LifeCycle Cost ... Product lifecycle costs and lifecycle actors MAIN COST CATEGORIES/ LIFECYCLE PHASES INTERNAL COSTS PRODUCER EXTERNAL COSTS USER SOCIETY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Market recognition Research Design...
... of Design for Environment and LifeCycle Design, and more generally with the product lifecycle approach These new necessities, and the consequent increase in the level of complexity of the design ... at the attainment of a particular product requirement • LifeCycleDesign (LCD)—Extends the field of design analysis to the entire lifecycle of the product, from the production and use of materials ... aspect clearly brings CE closer to LifeCycleDesign (LCD) As was noted in Chapter 3, LCD is a design intervention that considers all the phases of a product’s lifecycle (development, production,...
... Ishii, K., Life- cycle engineering design, Journal of Mechanical Design, 117, 42–47, 1995 Ishii, K., Eubanks, C.F., and Di Marco, P., Design for product retirement and material life cycle, Materials ... design, taking account of an ever-wider range of specifications and requisites The design intervention must be structured according to the principles of Design for Environment and LifeCycleDesign ... Product life cycles, allocation rules, and cost models, in Proceedings of ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference, Salt Lake City, UT, 2004, DETC2004–57458 Gershenson, J and Ishii, K., Life- cycle...
... theories of fatigue can be applied using three distinct approaches: • Design for infinite life • Design for finite life • Design for critical dimensions of defects Of the three approaches, the ... 10.2.4 Design for Finite Life The finite life approach, introduced around 1950, is often referred to as Low Cycle Fatigue (LCF) In this case, the intention is not to impart an infinite life to ... dynamic loading and, therefore, susceptible to fracture Often called Design for High Cycle Fatigue (DHCF), design for infinite life is directed at ensuring that the specimen, component, or subassembly...
... end-of -life) • The differences in disassembly modeling, in generating the disassembly sequences, and in methods to identify the optimum solution 14.1.2 Extension to Design of the LifeCycle In ... the entire life cycle, the second prototype can be used as a tool for optimizing the system not only for design specifically oriented toward favoring a product’s end-of -life phase (Design for ... proposed requires further modeling described below, which is similar to the modeling introduced in Chapter 12 14.5.2.1 Functions of the Environmental Impact of the LifeCycle The properties of...
... to lifecycle design, in Proceedings of 4th CIRP International Seminar on LifeCycle Engineering, Berlin, 1997, 92–103 Zust, R and Caduff, G., Life- cycle modelling as an instrument for life- cycle ... of the lifecycle The main difficulty consists of correlating design parameters with product performance in its lifecycle after production This requires not only a modeling of the life cycle, ... the LifeCycle Finally, it is possible to evaluate the environmental impact of the entire lifecycle EILC for the more interesting design alternatives IIa and IIb, using the FIGURE 16.6 Design...
... INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background 1.2 Conventional Design vis-à-vis LifeCycle Cost based Design 1.3 Service Life of Concrete Structures 1.4 LifeCycle Cost Based Design for Concrete Structures 1.5 Scope ... resulting lowest lifecycle cost alternative is recommended for implementation 22 Chapter Development of LCC DesignModel 3.1 Basis of Design The lifecycle cost (LCC) based design procedure ... in analysis 38 4.1 Design output corresponding to optimum minimum lifecycle cost alternative for Limit State I 4.2 43 Design output corresponding to optimum minimum lifecycle cost alternative...
... replication finally complete the early steps of virus lifecycle The attachment of HBV A major limitation to study HBV early steps of lifecycle is lack of an in vitro infection system Although ... its glycans in the surface proteins, and then are secreted out of the host cell to finish the lifecycle HBV replication and viral protein synthesis in the infected cells are fairly well elucidated ... overwhelmingly in excess to infectious particles, which is the majority of the two types [3, 4] The lifecycle of HBV is believed to begin when the virus attaches to the host cell membrane via its envelope...
... its lifecycle ( GJ ) Annual primary energy generation by the system ( GJ / year ) The total life- cycle GHG emissions (Mg-CO2eq) were generally estimated according to the full operational lifecycle ... 58.91 2.12 13,878.58 Lifecycle assessment An LCA is performed to evaluate the life- cycle energy usage and GHG emissions from electricity generation from a SPV system A life time 20 years is ... of the material inventory for the total PV system life Compilation of the lifecycle energy It is an inventory of the energy inputs The lifecycle energy requirements should be considered initially...
... → ∞ and CL → ∞ further, the cyclemodel is reduced to the endoreversible universal heat pump cyclemodel with constant-temperature heat reservoirs [30] Figure Cyclemodel According to the properties ... reduced to various special heat pump cycles (3) The different values of φ If φ = , the cyclemodel is reduced to the endoreversible universal heat pump cyclemodel with variable-temperature heat ... Diesel, Atkinson, Dual, Miller and Carnot heat pump cycles Cyclemodel An irreversible universal variable-temperature heat reservoir heat pump cyclemodel with heat-resistance and internal irreversibility...
... Lifecycle assessment and lifecycle costing of bioethanol from sugarcane in Brazil Renew Sust Energ Rev;13 (6-7): 1613-1619 [24] Yee, K F., Tan, K T., Abdullah, A Z., and Teong, L K., 2009 Life ... bioenergy: some theoretical issues with practical implications Int J LifeCycle Ass;14(4): 328-339 [14] Environment Agency, 2005 Lifecycle assessment of disposable and reusable nappies in the UK Bristol ... Centre for LifeCycle Inventories Ecoinvent V2.2 [20] Arena, U., Mastellone, M.L and Perugini F., 2003 The environmental performance of alternative solid waste management options: a lifecycle assessment...