... inputs—for example, by adjusting labor inputs for the impact of education and training on the quality of labor andby introducing a measure of the flow of capital servicesand trying to explain the TFP ... determined more by fundamental forces affecting the supply ofand demand for savings—including the high rates of saving in emerging economies, increased public saving in advanced economies, and ... zero Intensifying financial strains are beginning to take an increasingly heavy toll on economic activity One of the main channels for such macrofinancial linkage is through tightening bank lending...
... OutlookGroupsandTheirSharesinAggregate GDP, ExportsofGoodsand Services, and Population, 2011 179 Table B Advanced Economies by Subgroup 180 Table C European Union 180 Table D Emerging Market ... Terms of Trade inGoodsandServices Table B13 Emerging Market and Developing Economies by Region: Total Trade inGoods Table B14 Emerging Market and Developing Economies by Source of Export Earnings: ... Data and Conventions 176 Classificationof Countries 177 General Features and Composition ofGroupsin the WorldEconomicOutlookClassification 177 Table A ClassificationbyWorldEconomic Outlook...
... diversifying their export bases, including by increasing manufacturing exports, and the share of trade among the emerging and developing economies themselves has increased Strengthened macroeconomic ... Changing Housing Cycle and the Implications for Monetary Policy Developments in Housing Finance The Housing Sector and the Business Cycle Housing Finance and Spillovers from Housing Housing Finance ... between the Sharesof Output and Housing Sector Variation Explained by Housing Demand Shocks 3.7 Correlation between the Share of Output Variation Explained by Housing Demand Shocks and the Mortgage...
... price index fell by percent since peaking in April 2011, because of generally weaker demand and an uncertain global economicoutlook a decline anticipated in the October 2012 WorldEconomicOutlook ... OutlookGroupsandTheirSharesinAggregate GDP, 139 ExportsofGoodsand Services, and Population, 2012 Table B Advanced Economies by Subgroup 140 140 Table C European Union Table D Emerging Market ... Data and Conventions 136 137 Classificationof Countries General Features and Composition ofGroupsin the WorldEconomicOutlookClassification 137 Table A ClassificationbyWorldEconomic Outlook...
... in the WorldEconomicOutlook Classification 177 Table A ClassificationbyWorldEconomicOutlookGroupsandTheirSharesinAggregate GDP, ExportsofGoodsand Services, and Population, 2011 179 ... Summary of Balance of Payments, Financial Flows, and External Financing Table B20 Emerging and Developing Economies by Region: Balance of Payments and External Financing Table B21 Emerging and Developing ... ofGDPIn 2013, the pace of tightening is expected to drop off in the euro area but pick up in the United States and Japan •• In emerging and developing economies, the pace of fiscal tightening...
... diversifying their export bases, including by increasing manufacturing exports, and the share of trade among the emerging and developing economies themselves has increased Strengthened macroeconomic ... Changing Housing Cycle and the Implications for Monetary Policy Developments in Housing Finance The Housing Sector and the Business Cycle Housing Finance and Spillovers from Housing Housing Finance ... between the Sharesof Output and Housing Sector Variation Explained by Housing Demand Shocks 3.7 Correlation between the Share of Output Variation Explained by Housing Demand Shocks and the Mortgage...
... in the WorldEconomicOutlookClassification Table A ClassificationbyWorldEconomicOutlookGroupsandTheirSharesinAggregate GDP, ExportsofGoodsand Services, and Population, 2010 Table ... the epicenter of the crisis 110 Change inGDP (2011: Q2 GDPin percent of 2008:Q2 GDP) 105 Change inGDP (2011: Q2 GDPin percent of 2008:Q2 GDP) 140 Real GDPin2011in Percent of Precrisis Trends ... Volumes, and Terms of Trade inGoodsandServices Table B12 Emerging and Developing Economies by Region: Total Trade inGoods Table B13 Emerging and Developing Economies by Source of Export Earnings:...
... analysis and projections contained in the WorldEconomicOutlook are integral elements of the IMF’s surveillance ofeconomic developments and policies in its member countries, of developments in international ... percent in 2010 and2011 Advanced economies are now EXECUTIVE SUMMARY expected to expand by 2¼ percent in 2010, andby 2½ percent in 2011, following a decline in output of more than percent in 2009 ... Europe and Japan Among emerging and developing economies, emerging Asia is in the lead Growth is also solidifying in key Latin American and other emerging and developing economies but continues...
... percent decline in output in 2009, andby 2½ percent in2011 Growth in emerging and developing economies is expected to be over 6¼ percent during 2010–11, following a modest 2½ percent in 2009 The ... the cycle, andin India it rose strongly In ation fell appreciably in Russia and moderately in Brazil; prices in China actually declined for a while but are now rising Looking ahead, in most advanced ... growth by cutting into incomes and thereby further reducing spending by liquidity-constrained consumers It might also prompt households to scale back their expectations for future disposable income...
... Price Index (PPI) is for oil and gas well drilling services, oil and gas support services, and oil and gas machinery and equipment International Monetary Fund | April 2010 37 WORLDECONOMIC OUTLOOK: ... percent ofworld demand growth China’s metal demand increased at a faster rate than output, and so its metal intensity—metal consumption per unit ofGDP increased during this period In contrast, ... developments, including changes in the slopes of futures curves and the buildup of inventories, have been within the range of historical experience This indicates that demand- and supply-related...
... percent in 2010 and to 6¼ percent in 2011, reflecting a pickup in private investment • Australia’s GDP growth is projected to be percent in 2010 and 3½ percent in 2011, helped by strong demand for ... surplus of the region, which declined from 15½ percent ofGDPin 2008 to 1¾ percent ofGDPin 2009, is now projected to rise to 5¼ percent ofGDPin 2010 But the recent increases in public spending ... completion of the restructuring and recapitalization of vulnerable financial institutions, stabilizing funding, and reevaluating bank models International Monetary Fund | April 2010 55 WORLDECONOMIC OUTLOOK: ...
... changes in the unemployment rate and changes in output—as an organizing framework The chapter contributes to the literature by examining the role of institutions and policies in explaining changes in ... example, in Ireland and Spain the unemployment rate increased by about 7½ percentage points, despite the fact that output dropped by more than percent in Ireland but by only half as much in Spain Moreover, ... workers in construction and real estate services, of financial crises on jobs in the financial sector, andof trade declines on employment in the tradables sector in open economies Again, such...
... becoming permanent wage subsidies to declining industries and from obstructing the movement of jobs and workers across sectors In addition to the strain on public finances, continued state financing ... insurance that not only insures workers against a decline in income, but smooths their movement from declining sectors to growing ones (see Kling, 2006) In recent years, wage loss insurance policies ... GROWTH Dating Business Cycle Peaks and Troughs Measure of Uncertainty This chapter employs a “classical” approach to dating business cycles by focusing on turning points in the level of output rather...
... (percent of episodes) Change in Savings /GDP Fall in Private Savings /GDP (percent of episodes) Change in Private Savings /GDP Rise in Investment /GDP (percent of episodes) Change in Investment /GDP Imports ... research and development and to support strategic industries in Korea and Taiwan Province of China Finally, substantial capital controls were in place in Japan in the early 1970s andin Korea in the ... in Current Account, Savings, and Investment Current Account Surplus (percent of GDP, change) Savings (percent of GDP, change) Private Savings (percent of GDP, change) Investment (percent of GDP, ...
... April 2010 147 WORLDECONOMIC OUTLOOK: REBALANCING GROWTH Table A ClassificationbyWorldEconomicOutlookGroupsandTheirSharesinAggregate GDP, ExportsofGoodsand Services, and Population, ... showing the number of countries in each group by region and summarizing some key indicators oftheir relative size (GDP valued by purchasing power parity, total exportsofgoodsand services, and ... but in the 1990s more of this investment was directed toward mainland China Finally, losses in the tradables sector were offset by gains in the nontradables sector The share ofservicesin GDP, ...
... GroupsBy Source of Export Earnings Fuel Nonfuel of Which, Primary Products By External Financing Source Net Debtor Countries of Which, Official Financing Net Debtor Countries by Debt-Servicing ... Countries by DebtServicing Experience Countries with Arrears and/ or Rescheduling during 2004–08 World1 Memorandum In Percent of Total World Current Account Transactions In Percent ofWorldGDP 2003 ... Emerging and Developing Economies: Balance on Current Account 172 173 174 Balance of Payments and External Financing A13 Emerging and Developing Economies: Net Financial Flows A14 Emerging and...
... Economic Outlook: Trade and Finance September 2002 WorldEconomic Outlook: Growth and Institutions April 2003 WorldEconomic Outlook: Public Debt in Emerging Markets September 2003 WorldEconomic Outlook: ... Economic Outlook: Building Institutions September 2005 WorldEconomic Outlook: Globalization andIn ation April 2006 WorldEconomic Outlook: Financial Systems andEconomic Cycles September 2006 World ... WorldEconomic Outlook: Spillovers and Cycles in the Global Economy April 2007 WorldEconomic Outlook: Globalization and Inequality October 2007 WorldEconomic Outlook: Housing and the Business...
... the world s remaining huntergatherers, often at the margin of the farming world The colonies of honeybees are nesting in the wild and, depending on species, may be nesting in tree cavities, in ... Apinae has nineteen tribes including Apini (honeybees), Meliponini (includes stingless bees), and Bombini (includes bumblebees) The tribe Meliponini are the stingless bees found in tropical and ... can gain from training in how to harvest, render and market beeswax BEE–MAINTAINING Harvesting of a bee colony nesting in a tree would be described as honey hunting The piece of tree cut and, ...
... in the WorldEconomicOutlookClassification Table A ClassificationbyWorldEconomicOutlookGroupsandTheirSharesinAggregate GDP, ExportsofGoodsand Services, and Population, 2010 Table ... the epicenter of the crisis 110 Change inGDP (2011: Q2 GDPin percent of 2008:Q2 GDP) 105 Change inGDP (2011: Q2 GDPin percent of 2008:Q2 GDP) 100 95 24 Real GDPin2011in Percent of Precrisis ... Volumes, and Terms of Trade inGoodsandServices Table B12 Emerging and Developing Economies by Region: Total Trade inGoods Table B13 Emerging and Developing Economies by Source of Export Earnings:...