according to mcmahon et al 1993 the effects of growth are likely to manifest themselves in financial characteristics and performance of small enterprises
... calculated as the ratio of income before discontinued operations and extraordinary items to total assets; and TAt–1 = total assets at the end of year t-1 TACt, ∆SALESt, ∆ARt, and PPEt are scaled ... more likelyto be known to creditors inthe Taiwanese market, and that, all else equal, creditors arelikelyto value this experience favorably To summarize, we investigate theeffectsof auditors’ ... determining the effect of long tenure In later work, Chen etal (2008) use the absolute value of discretionary accruals and signed discretionary accruals to proxy for earnings quality They find...
... earnings quality and on creditor perceptions of audit quality are also unexplored inthe literature Finally, we also examine theeffectsof auditors‘ pre-client experience (taking into account the ... ratio of total liabilities to total assets in year t; Tangible = ratio of tangible assets to total assets, where tangible assets are measured as the difference between non-current assets and intangible ... measures of firm performance: The role of accounting accruals Journal of Accounting and Economics 18 (1): 3-42 ., and I D Dichev 2002 The quality of accruals and earnings: The role of accrual estimation...
... availability of informal chat in our experiment allows us to test the robustness of H1 to both high and low levels of interaction Such a test is helpful in determining whether the potential unintended ... These experimental parameters, including payoffs and probabilities, are intended to create the key incentives and strategic tensions ofthe natural audit setting rather than mimic the real-world ... Support Theory is that people think of probabilities and actions in terms ofthe mental frame that they are in, and tend not to actively think in terms ofthe alternative frame (Brenner etal 2002)...
... for the association between size and abnormal accruals The differences in profitability andgrowthare also taken into account by the inclusion of |Earnings|, |CashFlows|, ROA, and GrowthSales ... PricewaterhouseCoopers 1999), and regulators (SEC 2000; SOX 2002) are related tothe quality offinancial reporting, as measured by the level of income-increasing or income-decreasing abnormal accruals In particular, ... 1999 The role of Big auditors inthe credible reporting of accruals Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory 18 (Fall): 17–34 Gerety, M., and K Lehn 1997 The causes and consequences of financial...
... the sales in year t minus sales in t-1 and scaled by sales in year t-1 natural logarithm of total sales cash flow in year t scaled by total assets in year t-1 ratio of retained earnings to total ... if the auditor is a Big audit firm, and equal to ―0‖ otherwise sales growth rate calculated as the sales in year t minus sales in t-1 and scaled by sales in year t-1 natural logarithm of total ... are aware ofthe limitations of using balance sheet data to partition net income into accruals and operating flows (Collins and Hribar 2002) However, in accordance with prior research using international...
... growth, which along with a rapid development in capital markets and an opening up to international markets, increased the demand for credible financial reporting and external auditing These influences ... of total assets measured in Korean Won total assets measured in Korean won‘000 total assets measured in US$ the percentage of foreign-based sales the percentage of total assets in receivables and ... compromising independence Second, periodically engaging a new auditor brings a fresh look tothe company’s financial reporting, helping the auditor deal appropriately with financial reporting issues...
... also considered one ofthe factors that affect the quality ofthefinancial reporting process Accordingto Eng and Mak (2003), the structure of ownership determines the level of monitoring, and ... 2006) These financial reports include information that may help in recognizing thefinancial position ofthe company, reflect the operation, structural andfinancial picture ofthe corporations to ... Amman stock exchange On the other hand, thefinancial sector is not included because it has special regulations pertaining tofinancial reporting, issued from Jordan Central Bank andthe Insurance...
... whether board members hold shares inthe firms andthe extent to which the board responds to shareholder demands A.2 Financial disclosure and internal controls Thefinancial disclosure and internal ... SMB is the difference in return between a small portfolio (smallest 20%) and a large portfolio (the remaining stocks) For the HML factor, all stocks are ranked accordingto book-tomarket ratios ... industry or sector effects by subtracting sector returns from the individual stock returns and add back the market return.6 We compute sector returns as the average return of all stocks in our sample...
... provided to investors andthe quality ofthe enforcement of those protections Inclusion of judicial quality andthe rigor ofthe enforcement mechanism represent a set of important issues inthe further ... crosslistings on non-US exchanges Neglecting these crosslistings is likelyto lead to an incomplete understanding ofthe impact of crosslistings on firm value andofthe sources of valuation changes ... law to overreach the minority investor That is, the issuer ties its own hands by subjecting itself to mandatory requirements of US law in order to induce minority shareholders to invest in it Coffee...
... made the song newer, brings the song back tothe listener with the whole new style andtheperformance is completely like remaining the life for the song The cover music in Vietnam is the kind of ... And there are many different opinions about that Inthe world, the covering music is very normal, but the singers or bands have to have permission ofthe artist Covering music is an art andthe ... PART I: INTRODUCTION Background information: Today, the more Vietnam develops, the higher the standard of living is They are cared by the government so they live in better conditions and more...
... the brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) ofthe IDI engine to increase andthe total engine efficiency to decrease compared to that of a DI diesel engine Because of these disadvantages ofthe ... experimental investigations of Adnan Parlak etaland Ekrem Buyukkaya etal [19, 20] revealed that with the proper adjustment ofthe injection timing, it is possible to partially offset the adverse ... fraction and a corresponding increase inthe amount of fuel burned during the diffusion phase of combustion were observed inthe case of LHR engine The experiments of S Jaichandar etal [22] show...
... process into three stages: at the first stage the sounds go into sensory store often called the "echoic" memory andare organized into meaningful units, accordingtothe knowledge ofthe language the ... what they will hear and try to match them with the things they actually hear Therefore, in teaching listening, the teacher should try to give practice in interpreting, matching and predicting to ... Types of listening There are many different types of listening We can classify these accordingto a number of variables, including listening purposes, the role ofthe listener andthe types of text...
... presence ofthe internal standard probes at different locations ofthe array allowed quantification ofthe local background and evaluation ofthe array homogeneity, which is taken into account inthe ... reliability ofthe results Kinetics of off-target effects induced by siRNA In order to determine the time-course of siRNA side effectsin 143B cells transfected for 24 h with SREBF1 ⁄ siRNA1 or the NT ... presence of both siRNAs specific for the same target are indicated in diagram intersections allowing the expression analysis, at the transcriptomic level, of genes mainly involved in cell responses to...
... The IOF Allocator as Part of a Suite of Analytical Tools xii Internetting of Fires Is the Dynamic Pooling of Resources Enabled by C4ISR The IOF Allocator as Part ofthe WMT Suite of Analytical ... value expected) Figures 4, 5, and show theeffectsof changes tothe initial scenario from: • increasing the value of collateral targets, • reducing the overkill value, and • increasing the value ... model at the heart ofthe IOF Allocator and its implementation are included in Appendixes A and B Here we will cover the details ofthe data and constraints inthe model The allocation tool maximizes...
... order to be able to conduct and monitor the progress ofthe trial for the patients' safety andaccordingtothe World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki andthe European and Italian ... level of pain (intensity) andthe potency ofthe prescribed analgesic drug (according tothe WHO analgesic ladder) [19] Secondary objectives The database will be used to evaluate theeffectsof ... depending on the setting of care (outpatient clinic, hospice, hospital unit, home care) Quality of analgesic care assessment The quality of analgesic treatments will be cross-sectionally assessed in...
... biofilm was placed as the working electrode inthe electrochemical cell cuvette shown in Fig Prior to placing the electrode with biofilm inthe cuvette, mL LB medium was added tothe cuvette to ... with the electrode surface, especially given the vertical positioning ofthe electrodes (the turbidity inthe cuvette appeared to be homogeneous) In contrast, biofilms are formed on the surface of ... used to control the voltage and current The volume of medium inthe fully-constructed electrochemical cell was mL A schematic ofthe system is shown in Fig Determination of Minimum Inhibitory...
... that the ability of a firm to manage pre-interview information to increase applicant awareness and interest in learning more about organizational offerings is key tothe economic utility of recruiting ... (Kristof, 1996; Taylor & Bergman, 1987) Although these findings move us toward a better understanding ofthe early stage of recruitment, previous research has often lacked a theoretical grounding ... content ofthe information required to induce job seekers to move from one stage tothe next – specifically, to apply to organizations Building upon the findings of prior research, we investigate the...
... obtained from plantations in Galicia inthe years 1990, 1991, 1992 and1993The fruit was collected and seeds obtained between the end of summer andthe beginning of autumn The seeds were stored ... represents the evolution ofthe germination rate inthe different treatments applied to P pinaster, P radiata and E globulus accordingtothe age ofthe seeds Although the trajectory of P pinaster ... process of germination, and their differing sensibility to high temperatures, ash, andthe effect of both of these together E globulus is the species with the smallest seeds, and is the most...
... the intersection of two functions: i), the photosynthetic CO demand function (D) which defines the mesophyll photosynthetic capacity and, ii), the photosynthetic CO supply function (Su) defining ... assimilation affecting hormonal balance inthe plant, enhancing the Plant material contact between roots and soil, and pro- tecting roots against disease (Chalot et al, 1988) This paper describes and discusses ... tion INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis is essential for nursery-grown conifer seedlings and is determinant for plant survival andgrowth after outplanting (Marx et al, ...