... (and in milk with lactatinganimals and/ or for fetal growth with pregnant animals) is calculated as thedifference between total GE intake and energy outputs from faeces, urine and methane and ... Care 3, 183–189.Baumrucker, C.R. and Erondu, N.E. (2000) Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) in the bovinemammary gland and milk. Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia 5,53–64.Block, S.S., ... Digestion and Metabolism, 2nd edition (eds J. Dijkstra, J.M. Forbes and J. France)421requirement for maintenance, lactation, liveweight gain and pregnancy, re-spectively and km, kl, kgand...