... for market- based approaches to better meet their needs, increase their productivity and incomes, and empower their entry into the formal economy The billion people at the base of the economic pyramid ... aggregate income of $44 billion Other countries in the region offer even larger BOP market opportunities, notably Ethiopia ($ 84 billion) and Nigeria ($ 74 billion) Market composition Population ... description of the standardization methodology and country tables of standardized BOP expenditure data by sector and income level.) Combining income and expenditure data allows estimation of the size of...