... Research Report No 711 A Systematic Review of the Research Literature on the Use of Phonics in the Teaching of Reading and Spelling Carole J Torgerson * Greg Brooks ** Jill Hall ... measures used in calculation of effect sizes by the reviewers: word reading accuracy (reading comprehension; spelling) Effect size, as calculated by the reviewers (mean of word recognition and ... as calculated by the reviewers (mean of word recognition and word attack measures; also mean of comprehension measures, mean of spelling measures, and synthetic versus analytic, where applicable),...