... spent about years, cumulatively, of sabbaticals and summer leaves at AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ, and AT&T Labs, Florham Park, NJ, performing research in the areas of speech and image ... and the noise tracking rate A common approach is to use a VAD and to update the estimated noise PSD during speech pauses Since the noise PSD might also fluctuate during speech activity, VAD-based ... improvements are evaluated in terms of (segmental) SNR and the achieved noise attenuation These measures, however, can be misleading as speech signal distortions and unnatural-sounding residual noise are...