CONVERSION OF LEVULINIC ACID TO GAMMA VALEROLACTONE USING p CYMENE RU(II) n HETEROCYCLIC CARBENE COMPLEXES

... DISCUSSIONS 2.1 Synthesis and characterization of p- cymene Ru(II) NHC complexes 2.1.1 p- cymene Ru(II) NHC complexes bearing monodentate NHC ligands The synthesis of the p- cymene Ru(II) NHC complexes ... late-transition Page 11 Conversion of LA to GVL using p- cymene Ru(II) NHC Complexes metal series On another hand, the nucleophilic carbene carbon atom of the Schrock carbene will tend to prefer ... donor-functionalised NHCs), tripodal NHCs and Page 14 Conversion of LA to GVL using p- cymene Ru(II) NHC Complexes pincer-type NHCs Three common approaches to prepare NHC complexes are highlighted...

CONVERSION OF LEVULINIC ACID TO GAMMA VALEROLACTONE USING p CYMENE RU(II) n HETEROCYCLIC CARBENE COMPLEXES

Conversion of saline water to fresh water using air gap membrane distillation (AGMD)

... drawback of the air gap is that it offers additional resistance to mass transfer However, with maintaining a very narrow air gap, this deficiency can be overcome to a certain extent Since, in air gap ... performance of the multistage MD unit For an air gap of 1mm, it was possible to obtain 1m3 of water at an energy input as low as 0.18 kWh xiv LIST OF TABLES Table.2.1 Energy, cost and capacity of MSF,MED ... velocity (m/sec) v Velocity of different components in solution (m/sec) Yw1 Mole fraction of vapour on hot liquid side of membrane Yw2 Mole fraction of vapour on air gap side of membrane Greek letters...

COMPLEXES OF GROUP 10 METALS WITH NON CLASSICAL AND THIOETHER FUNCTIONALIZED n HETEROCYCLIC CARBENE LIGANDS

... present in the cycle, the substitution pattern on these can vary as well (Fig 1.2) 55a N N N N N 55b 55c 55d N N N N N N 56b N N N N N N 56c 56d N N N N N N 57a 57b N N N N N N N N 58a 58b N N N ... Ph N N N N 229 Br Pd Br N N N N 230 N N N Ph Br Pd Br Ph N N N S Br Ni Br N N N N Br Ni Br N N N S 232 S 233 234 S N N S Br Ni Br S 236 X N 231 S S Br Pd Br N N N N Br Ni Br S 237 N N List of ... NH O Ph N N Ph Ph N N Cl N N Br Ph 72 N N I 73 Ph N N N 81 N N N N 84 N N Ph Br N Pd N Br Ph 87 75 BF4 Ph 80 Ph Br N Pd N Br O N N 82 Ph Br N Pd N Br N Ph Br N Pd N Br Br N Ph Br N Pd N Br Ph 88...

Báo cáo y học: " Conversion of amino-acid sequence in proteins to classical music: search for auditory patterns" doc

... beginning segment of the huntingtin protein involved in Huntington’s disease [11] A clear auditory pattern emanates from both repetitive glutamines (21 in this normal individual) and polyproline ... wild-type huntingtin protein contains 21 glutamines in the beginning portion of the sequence The protein also contains proline-rich regions The repetition in these regions can be distinctly heard in ... isoleucine, tyrosine and phenylalanine, valine and alanine, threonine and serine, glutamine and asparagine, and arginine and lysine The paired amino acids were assigned the same fundamental single...

Study on extraction, conversion of hydroxycitric acid from leaves and fruit rinds of Garcinia oblongifolia Champ.ex Benth and its application to produce weight-loss products

... subject Study on extraction, conversion of hydroxycitric acid from leaves and fruit rinds of Garcinia oblongifolia Champ Ex Benth (G oblongifolia) and its application to produce weight-loss products ... ORGANIC ACID FROM LEAVES, FRUIT RINDS OF GARCINIA OBLONGIFOLIA CHAMP EX BENTH 3.2.1 Process of extracting organic acids from leaves and fruit rinds of G oblongifolia 3.2.2 Determining the total ... amount of organic acid and organic acids in extracts from leaves and rinds separately HCA was the main organic acid found in leaves and fruit rinds of G oblongifolia The amount of HCA from rinds of...

Alternate strategies for conversion of waste plastic to fuels

... France, and the United States of America According to the government of India, import data of more than 59,000 tons and 61,000 tons of plastic waste have found its way into India in the years 1999 ... Pyrolysis Process of generating fuel oil from the waste plastics [12] This type of recycling is very expensive compared to other types of recycling due to the requirements of plastic properties ... developed into a cost-effective commercial polymer recycling process for solving the acute environmental problem of disposal of plastic waste It also offers the higher cracking ability of plastics,...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Robust Conversion of CCG Derivations to Phrase Structure Trees" pdf

... approaching that of the Petrov parser Conclusion By exploiting the generalised combinators of the CCG formalism, we have developed a new method of converting CCG derivations into PTB-style trees ... easily integrated into a parser These disadvantages are a consequence of failing to exploit the generalisations that CCG combinators deﬁne We return to this example below to show how our approach ... by simply relabeling the categories in a CCG derivation because the mapping to phrase labels is many -to- many, CCG derivations contain extra brackets due to binarisation, and there are cases where...

Báo cáo hóa học: " Confined conversion of CuS nanowires to CuO nanotubes by annealing-induced diffusion in nanochannels" ppt

... article as: Mu and He: Confined conversion of CuS nanowires to CuO nanotubes by annealing-induced diffusion in nanochannels Nanoscale Research Letters 2011 6:150 Competing interests The authors ... CuO nanotubes space The spreading of CuO and formation of CuO layer on the nanochannel surface of AAO and the confinement offered by AAO nanochannels play a key role in the formation of CuO nanotubes ... of CuO nanostructures obtained by annealing CuS nanowires embedded in AAO for 1, 4, 10, and 20 h, respectively After 1-h annealing, the CuS nanowires of smooth surface were converted to CuO nanowires...

Báo cáo khoa học: "Commercial delivery of genetic improvement to conifer plantations using somatic embryogenesi" pps

... with delivery to forestry nurseries, the ability to dry and store the embryos is critical Storage allows continuous embryo production and the accumulation of sufficient inventory for delivery of ... transferred to customer nurseries This will enable embryos to be shipped conveniently worldwide from a centralized production facility (figure 2) APPLICATION OF SE TO DELIVERY OF GENETIC IMPROVEMENT ... for example, are expected to reduce the actual level of gain to 8–13% in volume Selection and crossing of the top parents leads to genetic gains in volume in the order of 30% [8] Further selection...

Thermochemical conversion of biomass acid catalysed pathways and kinetics of cellulose pyrolysis

... THERMOCHEMICAL CONVERSION OF BIOMASS: ACID CATALYSED PATHWAYS AND KINETICS OF CELLULOSE PYROLYSIS SHAIK MOHAMED SALIM (B.Eng (Hons.), NUS) (M.Eng, NUS) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF ... the influence of acids and alkalis on cellulose pyrolysis pathways (Chapter 3) This chapter describes and discusses the effects of acids (H2SO4, H3PO4 and H3BO3) and alkalis (Ca(OH)2 and NH4OH) ... Biomass 12 Summary of Literature Review 55 Influence of Acids and Alkalis on Cellulose Pyrolysis Pathways 58 3.1 3.2 Results and Discussion 71 3.3 Summary of Acid/ Alkali...

Catalytic conversion of methanol dimethylether to light olefins over microporous silicoaluminophosphates catalysts

... C4H8 Figure 2.6 Conversion of methanol to lower olefins (Khadzhiev, 2008) 2.4 Methanol to Olefins catalysts The investigations of catalysts to selective production of olefins from methanol have ... CATALYTIC CONVERSION OF METHANOL/ DIMETHYLETHER TO LIGHT OLEFINS OVER MICROPOROUS SILICOALUMINOPHOSPHATES CATALYSTS HAN SU MAR (B.Eng., Yangon Technological ... for light olefins Methanol can be produced from coal, natural gas or renewable biomass via syngas route Thus, it is of great significance to convert methanol to light olefins (MTO) in view of...

Synthetic and structural studies of copper, gold and palladium heterocyclic carbene complexes

... ferrocene-derivatized carbene and palladium( I) complexes have been very limited In view of the significance of copper, gold and palladium carbene complexes in organic synthesis, materials and medicine, ... enriching the knowledge of copper, gold and palladium NHC complexes, the results of this research will be instructive for mechanistic study and future designs of copper, gold and palladium NHC catalysts ... However, most of these studies were focused on Pd-, Ni-, Ru- and Rh-NHC complexes NHC complexes of copper and gold have been relatively overlooked in spite of the wide use of copper and gold in catalysis,...

Group 10 transition metal chemistry of benzannulated remote n heterocyclic carbene ligands

... H Br N N N N N C Pd O2CCF3 O2CCF3 N N cis -10 N N Br Pd NHC Br N N 11a-i (NHC = different N- heterocyclic carbenes) N N X Pd X Pd N N N trans-12 ( X = Br ); trans-13 (X = I) DMSO Pt Br Br N N cis-15 ... Br Ph N N I Br Ph Ph B A C N Br Br N Br N Pd Pd N Br N N Br Pd NCCH3 Br N N trans-4 N N N N PPh3 Pd Br Br Br Pd Br N Br Pd CNR Br N Br Pd Br L L Br Pd Br N N N N N 5a 5d : L L = N N R N C Pd ... synthesized as shown in Scheme 2.3 PPh3 Pd Br Br N N N N Br Pd NCCH3 Br cis-4 Br Pd Br Br N N N N Br Pd PPh3 Br N N trans-4 A CH3CN PPh3 N Br Br N Pd Br Pd N Br N N N N Br Pd Br C N R L L N N N...

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