Manipulation of turbulent flow for drag reduction and heat transfer enhancement 6
Manipulation of turbulent flow for drag reduction and heat transfer enhancement 1
... List of Tables xiii List of Figures xv Nomenclature xxii Chapter Introduction 1. 1 1 1 .1. 1 Passive methods 1. 1.2 Active methods 15 1. 1.3 1. 2 Review of drag ... drag reduction methods Summary of different drag reduction methods 18 Review of heat transfer enhancement methods 18 1. 2 .1 Dimples 20 iv 1. 2.2 1. 3 ... structures for low and high protrusions, respectively xii List of Tables 1. 1 Advantages and disadvantages of the various types of active and passive methods for drag reduction 19 2 .1 Grid...
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Manipulation of turbulent flow for drag reduction and heat transfer enhancement 2
... and DeWitt, 20 02) , respectively: Cf = [1.58 ln (Re 2H ) − 2. 185] 2 , 1500 ≤ Re 2H ≤ 2. 5 × 106 , (2. 25) 52 Nu = Cf /2 (Re 2H − 500) Pr + 12. 7 (Cf /2) 1 /2 Pr 2/ 3 −1 , 1500 ≤ Re 2H ≤ 2. 5×106 (2. 26) ... 2 × × π 58 52. 3 97.93% 98 .27 % 2 × × 2 5 829 .7 98 .21 % 98.87% 4π × × π 5804.5 98. 52% 99 .26 % Table 2. 2: Domain independence test for DNS 2. 4.1 .2 DES Mesh resolution study was conducted for the smooth ... 0.003 5830 98% 99% 128 × 128 × 128 8.836 0 .23 68 0.0 02 5830 98% 99% 128 × 196 × 128 8.836 0. 125 4 0.0 02 5 828 100% 101% Table 2. 1: Grid independence test for the DNS code the friction and Nusselt number...
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Manipulation of turbulent flow for drag reduction and heat transfer enhancement 3
... Case 3. 2 .3 Global performance of drag difference 3. 2 .3. 1 The definition of drag difference To find the quantitative relationship between flow rate increase ΔQ and drag reduction, the normalized drag ... − 13. 87% − 13. 64% trapezoidal (a=c=b/4) −15.71% −15.02% Table 3. 3: Comparison of drag difference of the original shape and the first mode in Fourier space at α = 0.25 and S = 3. 3.1 .3 Verification of ... produces larger drag reduction However, the rate of drag reduction decreases with increasing S which is opposite to that in laminar flow (see Figures 3. 3, 3. 4 and in particular 3. 6) 0 .3 0.04 0.2 S=1...
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Manipulation of turbulent flow for drag reduction and heat transfer enhancement 4
... 20 45 25 15 15 45 10 45 50 25 Z 30 35 40 45 25 25 30 35 40 30 Z 45 10 20 35 Dx = −7.5% 50 15 10 40 45 45 30 40 45 45 50 15 45 15 45 10 15 15 30 25 30 35 20 10 12 45 10 X 12 X (a) Case 3C.1 40 ... symmetric dimple, which may be the cause of the enhancement of heat transfer 4. 4.2 Mean characteristics of drag and heat transfer Since Case has higher heat transfer characteristics than Case 2, ... 4. 8 shows the pressure loss and heat transfer capacity for Case (h/D = 10%, Table 4. 1) For Case 2C (Dz = 0%), the heat transfer ratio 151 Performance ratio Cf/Cf0 of symmetric dimple Nu/Nu0 of...
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Manipulation of turbulent flow for drag reduction and heat transfer enhancement 5
... 15 10 X (a) 5% (b) 10% 0 Fm/Sm0 27 23 19 15 11 -1 -5 -9 Fm/Sm0 50 40 30 20 10 -10 Z Z 15 X 10 10 10 15 10 X (c) 15% 15 X (d) 20% Fm/Sm0 85 70 55 40 25 10 -5 -20 Z 10 10 15 X (e) 25% Figure 5. 5: ... 10 15 10 X (a) 5% (b) 10% 10 10 Nu/Nu0 10 9.2 8.4 7.6 6.8 5. 2 4.4 3.6 2.8 1.2 Z Z Nu/Nu0 7 .5 6 .5 5 .5 4 .5 3 .5 2 .5 1 .5 15 X 10 15 10 X (c) 15% 15 X (d) 20% Nu/Nu0 11 10 2 Z 10 10 15 X (e) 25% Figure ... Ga/Ga0, Gv/Gv0 2 .5 1 .5 0 .5 0. 05 0.1 0. 15 0.2 0. 25 0. 05 0.1 0. 15 0.2 0. 25 h/D h/D (c) performance factors for protrusions (d) performance factors for dimples Figure 5. 3: Effect of h/D on Nusselt...
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báo cáo khoa học: " Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of Swedish snus for smoking reduction and cessation" potx
... responsible for the pilot study, participated in the design of the trial and was responsible for coordination of trial activities and trial procedures RN conceived of the study, participated in the trial ... investigator-initiated, randomized, multi-center, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, phase clinical trial It focused on the potential of Swedish snus to reduce smoking and increase quit ... chemical composition of snus, the epidemiology of snus use in Sweden, health effects of nicotine and snus versus cigarette smoking, how to use the study products, the need for adequate nicotine...
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Evaporation Condensation and Heat transfer Part 6 pot
... Condensation and Heat Transfer , Modelling the Thermo-Hydraulic Performance of Cooling Networks and Its Implications on Design, Operation and Retrofit 203 204 Evaporation, Condensation and Heat Transfer ... the cooler (cm) 26. 0 13.0 2 .6 0.0 26. 0 13.0 2 .6 0.0 Thot Calc (ºC) 261 3 56 613 1018 491 794 1098 1070 Thot Exp (ºC) 1102 1092 Heat flux Calc (kW/m2) 135 187 310 4 76 94 144 382 733 Heat flux Exp ... Thermo-Hydraulic Performance of Cooling Networks and Its Implications on Design, Operation and Retrofit ε Δ ρ 205 2 06 Evaporation, Condensation and Heat Transfer 10 Heat Exchange in Furnace Side Walls with...
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báo cáo khoa học: " TILLING for allergen reduction and improvement of quality traits in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)" pdf
... difference being an in- frame insertion of 36 bp in Ara h 2.02, resulting in an insertion of 12 amino acids containing an extra copy of the sequence DPYSPS, a known allergenic IgE-binding epitope [14,15] ... background information Nucleic Acids Res 2005, 33:2806-2812 doi:10.1186/1471-2229-11-81 Cite this article as: Knoll et al.: TILLING for allergen reduction and improvement of quality traits in peanut (Arachis ... mutations in each of the two Ara h and two Ara h genes through TILLING In addition to allergen reduction, seed oil composition is another quality trait in peanut that could be targeted using the TILLING...
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catalytic activity and reaction mechanism of au,tio2 for the reduction of nox by propene
... fulfillment of requirements for a doctoral degree of engineering Catalytic activity and reaction mechanism of Au/TiO2 for the reduction of NOx by propene By Nguyen Quang Long 06D51501 (Supervised by Professor ... on the catalytic activity To investigate the reaction mechanism of the SCR by propene over Au/TiO2 To understand the mechanistic effect of the additional CeO2 and Mn2O3 This thesis consists of ... objectives of the present research are as follows: To prepare and test the catalytic activity of nano-sized Au/TiO2 for SCR of NOx by propene To investigate the effect of mechanical additions of CeO2 and...
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A Study of Channel Estimation for OFDM Systems and System Capacity for MIMO-OFDM Systems
... that is system capacity In Chapter 5, the MIMO -OFDM system capacity with imperfect feedback channel is investigated In Chapter 6, the capacity variances for OFDM systems over Rayleigh and Ricean ... 6) Chapter 2: OFDM systems and MIMO systems Since the thesis studies the channel estimation for OFDM systems and system capacity for MIMO -OFDM systems, this chapter briefly introduces the background ... for OFDM systems 21 2.2.2 Peak-to-Average (PAR) of OFDM systems 30 2.2.3 Channel estimation for OFDM systems 33 2.2.4 Synchronization of OFDM systems 38 2.2.5 Advantages...
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Effect of periodic suction on three dimensional flow and heat transfer past a vertical porous plate embedded in a porous medium
... Bull Malays Math Sci Soc 2006, 29(1), 33-42 [15] Das S S., Satapathy A. , Das J K., Panda J P Mass transfer effects on MHD flow and heat transfer past a vertical porous plate through a porous medium ... 927-941 [9] Sattar M A Free convection and mass transfer flow through a porous medium past an infinite vertical porous plate with time dependant temperature and concentration Ind J Pure Appl Math 1994, ... adjacent to a semi-infinite vertical plate Mech Res Comm 1987, 14, 9-16 [7] Govindarajulu T., Thangaraj C J The effect of variable suction on free convection on a vertical plate in a porous medium...
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A cross cultural analysis of english textbook for grade 10 and suggestion of supplementary activities for students’ cross cultural awareness
... conduct a small-scale cross- cultural analysis of the textbook and is not aimed at evaluating it as the analysis of Grade 10 textbook alone does not provide a panorama of the whole set of Grade 10, Grade ... analysis of the textbook - Suggest supplementary activities for Grade 10 students cross- cultural awareness RESEARCH QUESTIONS The concept of cross- cultural analysis may not attain a unique understanding ... English Textbook for Grade 10 and Suggestion of Supplementary Activities for Students Cross- Cultural Awareness is a Minor Programme Master thesis It is just aimed at examining the cultural content...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "DiMLex: A lexicon of discourse markers for text generation and understanding" docx
... describing discourse markers is a dedicated lexicon that provides a classification of their syntactic, semantic and pragmatic features and characterizes the relationships between similar markers ... whereas function words are treated as a part of grammar For dealing with discourse markers, we not regard this distinction as particularly helpful, though As we have illustrated above and will elaborate ... Stede and Schmitz [1997] have analysed the various pragmatic functions that German discourse particles fulfill in dialogue; many of these particles are discourse markers, and DiMLex can provide valuable...
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Từ khóa: running with the mind of meditation lessons for training body and mind pdfrunning with the mind of meditation lessons for training body and mind kindlerunning with the mind of meditation lessons for training body and mind epubrunning with the mind of meditation lessons for training body and mind by sakyong miphamrunning with the mind of meditation lessons for training body and mind by sakyong mipham rinpochewhat is the pyramid of energy flow for an ecosystemwhat are some of the guidelines for preparing oral and written research reportsthe power of language experience for crosscultural reading and writinga survey of risc architectures for desktop server and embedded computersthe recognition and manipulation of devices used to join sentences and form passages they are referred to as grammatical cohesion of a textuse of standard costs for direct material and direct laborcy 2011 and 2009 2010 dodser number of types of recipients of communicated intent for oef ond and other suicidescy 2011 and 2009 2010 dodser mode of communicated intent for oef ond and other suicidescy 2011 and 2009 2010 dodser recipients of communicated intent for oef ond and other suicidescy 2011 dodser number of types of recipients of communicated intent for oef ond and other suicide attemptschuyên đề điện xoay chiều theo dạngGiáo án Sinh học 11 bài 13: Thực hành phát hiện diệp lục và carôtenôitGiáo án Sinh học 11 bài 13: Thực hành phát hiện diệp lục và carôtenôitGiáo án Sinh học 11 bài 13: Thực hành phát hiện diệp lục và carôtenôitĐỒ ÁN NGHIÊN CỨU CÔNG NGHỆ KẾT NỐI VÔ TUYẾN CỰ LY XA, CÔNG SUẤT THẤP LPWANTrả hồ sơ điều tra bổ sung đối với các tội xâm phạm sở hữu có tính chất chiếm đoạt theo pháp luật Tố tụng hình sự Việt Nam từ thực tiễn thành phố Hồ Chí Minh (Luận văn thạc sĩ)Phát hiện xâm nhập dựa trên thuật toán k meansNghiên cứu khả năng đo năng lượng điện bằng hệ thu thập dữ liệu 16 kênh DEWE 5000Sở hữu ruộng đất và kinh tế nông nghiệp châu ôn (lạng sơn) nửa đầu thế kỷ XIXChuong 2 nhận dạng rui roTổ chức và hoạt động của Phòng Tư pháp từ thực tiễn tỉnh Phú Thọ (Luận văn thạc sĩ)Kiểm sát việc giải quyết tố giác, tin báo về tội phạm và kiến nghị khởi tố theo pháp luật tố tụng hình sự Việt Nam từ thực tiễn tỉnh Bình Định (Luận văn thạc sĩ)Quản lý nợ xấu tại Agribank chi nhánh huyện Phù Yên, tỉnh Sơn La (Luận văn thạc sĩ)BT Tieng anh 6 UNIT 2chuong 1 tong quan quan tri rui roGiáo án Sinh học 11 bài 14: Thực hành phát hiện hô hấp ở thực vậtĐổi mới quản lý tài chính trong hoạt động khoa học xã hội trường hợp viện hàn lâm khoa học xã hội việt namHIỆU QUẢ CỦA MÔ HÌNH XỬ LÝ BÙN HOẠT TÍNH BẰNG KIỀMTÁI CHẾ NHỰA VÀ QUẢN LÝ CHẤT THẢI Ở HOA KỲQUẢN LÝ VÀ TÁI CHẾ NHỰA Ở HOA KỲ