... 1.2. Testing writing In this section, to understand what testing writing is, it is crucial to discuss the writing types, criteria to test writing accurately and problems in testing writing. ... (definitions, approaches, roles, purposes and relationships between testing and teaching- learning); testing writing (types of writing, criteria of testing writing and problems in testing writing); ... find it difficult to write a good and well- designed rating scale and this also cause the difficulties in the scoring process. In short, in order to obtain the reliability in scoring writing...