... 48 52 kurtosis measure, 393non-normal, 371–4normal, 76–9, 88–9, 100, 386– 95 skewed, 84 5, 393 5 DMAIC, 359 –63, 367Dot plots, 50 Downgrading, 11Dyestuff formulation (worked example),1 45 6, ... 231Data:collection, 42–6discrete, 44 5 interpreting, 64–8recording, 45 6subgrouping, 95 types, 44 5 understanding, 63–8variable, 45 Data sheet, design, 45 6Decision intervals, 237–42two-sided, ... 411–20Tolerance design, 351 Tolerance limits, 119–20, 259 –67Total loss function, 349 50 Total process alignment see Business Process Re-engineering (BPR)Total organizational excellence, 25 6Total Quality...