... refugee (internally displaced) status.Risk factors for HIV are ascertained during patients’initial examinations with detailed questions regardingIDU, sexual activity, history of sexually transmittedinfection ... L, Hickman M, Strathdee SA,Wodak A, Panda S, Tyndall M, Toufik A, Mattick RP: Global epidemiology ofinjecting drug use and HIV among people who inject drugs: a systematic review. Lancet 2008, ... implementedonasmallscalebyNon-GovernmentalOrganizations(NGO) as fragmentary programs. Although harm reduc-tion interventions (syringe exchange and substitutiontherapy) are carried out on a more systematic scale,...