... ultimately, of the upregulation of proinflammatory cyto-kines [19,20]. By whichever means they themselves becomeactivated, they induce a plethora of inflammatory products,including degradative enzymes, ... attention (including joint surgery) andthat, with increasing HAQ scores, joint replacement surgeryand use of other health care resources increase dramatically[43-45]. Among the many indirect ... inflammatory events leading to pain, swellingdue to synovial thickening and effusion, and stiffness of thejoints. While initially individual signs and symptoms, such asswollen joint counts or morning...