... through the creation of new organizations and organizational forms, and the demise of old ones (Hannan and Freeman, 1 977 , 1989; Freeman and Hannan, 1983). According to Hannan and Freeman (1989), ... consider the characteristics of change. Change is defined as a movement away from a current state toward a future state (George and Jones, 1995). In the organizational change literature, at the abstract ... changes can be initiated either from top management (a so-called top-down approach) or from employees (a so-called bottom-up approach). Because I assumed that the strength of the impact of the...