... pro-grammes and they should be monitored closely for pro-gression to the immune clearance phase.Replicative HBV infection is the stimulus for host immuneresponses leading to the chronic process ... infection is complex and vari-able and is greatly influenced by the age at infection and the level of HBV replication. The diversity of clinical out-come of HBV, either resolution (acute infection) ... Banjul, The Gambia, 2Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland, 3National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands,...