... the evaluation of nonmassive hemoptysis. ENT, ear, nose, and throat; GI, gastrointestinal; CT, computed tomography. Hemoptysis: Treatment The rapidity of bleeding and its effect on gas exchange ... coagulation profile, and assessment for renal disease with a urinalysis and measurement of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels. When sputum is present, examination by Gram and acid-fast stains ... Haque RA et al: Chronic idiopathic cough. A discrete clinical entity? Chest 127:1710, 2005 [PMID: 15888850] Irwin RS, Madison JM: The diagnosis and treatment of cough. N Engl J Med 343:1715, 2000...