Software Engineering For Students: A Programming Approach Part 7 pot
Software Engineering For Students: A Programming Approach Part 7 pot
... cases and UML usecase diagrams. A use case is a textual description of a small, but complete user task. A use case diagram shows all the actors and all the use cases for a system.The main issue ... the system. A user who is carrying out a particular role is called an actor. A use case is a task that an actor needs the systemto carry out. For example, in the ATM system (Appendix A) , one of ... that a use case diagram does not contain the detail associated with a (textual) use case. However, it does give an overall picture of the actors and theuse cases. Thus a use case diagram is an...
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Software Engineering For Students: A Programming Approach Part 45 pot
... Page 422abstraction 99, 1 07 acceptance test 251, 332activity diagrams 414Ada 177 , 189, 215, 233, 254, 393adaptive maintenance 11adversary team 275 agile manifesto 330agile methods 330Algol ... 322orthogonality 177 OSM 323overwork 334package diagrams 414packages 223pair programming 286, 334paralysis 371 parameters 188Pascal 393patient monitoring system case study113, 229, 410patterns ... 303spiral, 2 97 unified process 3 37 waterfall, 291productivity 6profiler 275 program design language 103program structure chart 122 programming in the large 221 programming language 175 , 393project...
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Software Engineering For Students: A Programming Approach Part 2 potx
... detection by software 239 17. 3 Fault detection by hardware 242 17. 4 Dealing with damage 244 17. 5 Exceptions and exception handlers 245 17. 6 Recovery blocks 249 17. 7 n-version programming 252 17. 8 Assertions ... 410B Glossary 411C UML Summary 412C.1 Use case diagrams 412C.2 Class diagrams 413C.3 Package diagrams 414C.4 Activity diagrams 414Further reading 416Bibliography 4 17 Index 419BELL _A0 1.QXD ... software engineering methods are well-defined while othersare ill-defined. And the processes of software development are always under debate. Software engineering is about imagination and creativity...
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Software Engineering For Students: A Programming Approach Part 13 pot
... that grows downwards uniformly. This is the breadth-first approach to design; it matches the strict, abstract machine view of software design describedabove.An alternative approach is to pursue ... program. Thecentral idea of structured programming is abstraction. Indeed, we can define struc-tured programming as:“the systematic use of (control) abstraction in programming (Abstraction can ... functional decomposition is to see that at any stage of decompo-sition the solution is expressed in terms of operations that are assumed to be availableand provided by an abstract (or virtual) machine,...
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Software Engineering For Students: A Programming Approach Part 20 pot
... “traditional” procedural languages, such as Fortran, Cobol, Ada, C++,Visual Basic, C# and Java. (Other approaches to programming languages are functional programming and logic programming. )The main ... Class.13.2 1. a house has -a roof and a door. A house is -a dwelling2. a man (and a woman) is -a person3. an engine has -a piston and a gearbox and an engine4. a car and a bus is -a vehicle.Exercises•13.1 ... programming language features for OOP.As we shall see, most mainstream programming languages have a small core and allthe functionality of the language is provided by libraries. This chapter addresses...
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Software Engineering For Students: A Programming Approach Part 22 pot
... by value; a copy of the value of the actual param-eter is passed to the formal parameter, which again acts as a local variable. Manipulationof the formal parameter does not immediately affect ... parameters. Using call by reference, the location of theactual parameter is bound to the formal parameter. The formal and actual parameternames are thus aliases; modification of the formal parameter ... available for the initialization of arrays?The time at which a size must be specified for an array has implications on how thearray may be used. In Java, as in most languages, the size of an...
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Software Engineering For Students: A Programming Approach Part 23 potx
... (index).But, in contrast to an array, items can be added or removed from anywhere withinan array list. Also an array list grows and shrinks as necessary to accommodate therequired data. An array list holds ... accounts, and so on. Through classi-fication, we are able to associate characteristics common to all members of a class. Allmammals are vertebrates (have backbones), are warm-blooded and have ... used as part of a dynamic data structure.Encapsulation means bringing together data and actions that are related. In OOP such a collection is called a class. It consists of some related variable...
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Software Engineering For Students: A Programming Approach Part 24 potx
... Whatever you do to an object in a program, it always retains the features it had when it was created. An object can beassigned to a variable of another class and passed around the program as a ... inheritance, you use an existing class as the basis for creating a modified class.We again use as an example the cyberspace invaders program that displays graphicalimages on the screen – an alien, ... encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism mean that software ismodular, concise and adaptable. It also means that greater use can be made oflibraries of useful components. The programming language...
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Software Engineering For Students: A Programming Approach Part 30 potx
... summary, the rules for selecting test data for black box testing using equivalencepartitioning are:1. partition the input data values2. select representative data from each partition (equivalent ... mathematical notation. One suchspecification language is called Z. Once the formal specification for a program has beenwritten, there are two alternative approaches:1. write the program and then ... fixed, the software is released.Automated testingUnfortunately this is not some automatic way of generating test data. There is no magicalway of doing that. But it is good practice to automate testing...
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Software Engineering For Students: A Programming Approach Part 32 pot
... stipulate what notations are used for the productsat each stage. (This whole book is about the different methods and notations that areavailable.) It merely provides a framework for a development.Different ... Discuss.ExercisesSummaryThe essence and the strengths of the waterfall model are that:■ it divides a complex task into smaller, more manageable tasks■ each task produces a well-defined deliverable.■ each stage ... go back to the shopping stage.To overcome this obvious drawback, a variation of the waterfall model provides for feedback between adjoining stages, so that a problem uncovered at one stage can...
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